|
<br />.
<br />
<br />IHtlJljIINI'.SS ('~)I'.I'J-'I{'ILN'1 IN MtnlN'1 AIN IUVH~S
<br />
<br />hy
<br />
<br />AI....ONSOllliAKIE I
<br />mid
<br />M^NIII~I. MADRil) ~
<br />
<br />ABSTK^(": River l.hschaq;c I:xlinmllHn~ rc~ujrc all ~'valUillltlll tlf the river now resislance th..,
<br />gCllcfilUy is rclillcd with Manning's fllUf,hucss cuctlkh:nl. 'l1lC lilcrallll\: SIlAAl."SIS dillcrcnl W'I>,S
<br />Ilf cslilliiltiulI IIf Milllllillg's roughness. hut iUltclll'rallhc) elm Ill: ill'I)I...-d In l:hilllllCls illllurlllill
<br />CtlUthtiuu.. Mu:h a.. ulliti.lrllI nnw. Bul gl;IVd I~d rivc~ have' a milch larger wllglmcss t:tk:lliciclIl
<br />Ihilll peul)!..: lIla)' thint. illld the lih:roalUfC iud,,',lh;s. "111e use III' il!f;Il.litillllill cslinmlioll uf roug.hness
<br />Ihell wIIlIld kiW us Itl im ullW:rl:Slimillitlll uf the wl.lghnc!r.'i. rcsl.lhin~ in ;111 OvcfL-stimalc tlr the
<br />11.IW vcludly alld all ulldcrcstim...tc urlhe rivcr tkplh. The pUlpllM: uflhi!. raflcr is 10 n."Colllllleml
<br />\UlIle runllulil~ 10 l'slima!e the roughness Ctldlicicn! in Ibis kind uf !luud. TheS\..' elllpirit:al
<br />IHnllulas we~ uhlailll'll u~ilJg dlllll ('rmll rivch ill Ih~ t1nilell Slah:s. t1nih:d KingdulIl. all~1 Chile
<br />I'he rmlGc uf emir of Iho: c!.1imalilln of Ihe ruughnl.~s usill!!, IIIl' furmuliL"i rcnmlllleuded ill Ihi..
<br />[laper hiL"i been ro:dul,;l.-d consider.lbly compared wilh earlier re!>can:h_ '111e avcragc enll( COlIl}.;l"tl
<br />ilround (1% 1(lr rivers wilh large roughness.!>calc alld ,1% Itll' river... wilh inlcnnediale scale,
<br />
<br />INTK( '1>11(' nON
<br />It i:>. \llieu IIcce!>sury In eslimate Ihe disch:lrge nf t1\nunl:,ill rivers where a llirl.:c! lIlethUtl Ill'
<br />lIIe;l!>urcmCIII call1lul be carried nul. Inlhi!> ":.ISC ellllliri":lIl e~tillUltiolls can he dllll":, hllllhc
<br />lUuillllruhlclll is Ihcll rdilled lu Ihe evalualion uf Ihe river !low resislance. 1:luw rcsisl;Uh':l.
<br />i!> relOlted wilh the physical slmpc :lUd hed rtlughness uf il chOlnnel, whidt hluh cUlltwllhe
<br />dClllh, willth, and dischnrge ut' Ihc !luw ill the chaullel. The lIm.~c IUI}:>.I CUlIllllUll n.:sislillil'.
<br />..:uem..:ielll me Manning's (n), ('hc/Y (C'), nud l>arcy-Wl:ishach (I). These :tre rclllled III cadi
<br />1}lher hy
<br />
<br />Rl
<br />
<br />JK II: JK
<br />\\here p. u..:cclcraliHn due hll:'.ravil)': ,lilt! K h)-dr;ullte mdius,
<br />III Ihi... IllIlter Ihe Mmming ruu~hlle:>.~ ellellicicnl Inl will
<br />Ctlualilllls Ihal will ttc presenlctl elm he wriuclI ill lcrlll!> HI
<br />MaulliuJ!.'S rcsislilllt..:C cuclliCII.'ul i~ relilled Itllhe vdudl)' by:
<br />
<br />J;
<br />
<br />"
<br />
<br />(II
<br />
<br />he Irealel!. hul mly Ill' llll'
<br />('IICI'.)" Ill' IJill"e)"-Wei!>lmch
<br />
<br />(Sn!R;
<br />"
<br />V
<br />Whcre SI Iriclitlll ~lllpC (ur ellerl;l.Y ~flIdiclIl ) lUltl V
<br />
<br />121
<br />
<br />Iht..: lIIeilll Iluw vclll\:il)
<br />
<br />H.l'W ('IIAKA' THUSTI('S
<br />Accunling IlIllreviullS resc:m,;h nUltllll:lill river flu\\' l'an he dmrm;leri"ed hy II",: C\IIll'qll "I
<br />rchllivc ","hmerp.cllce OVUM), ur flIlill ul" K, Iu ..,etlimenl sil'l., HK,!. ^cct}rdill~ III Ihl\ Ih.
<br />1111\\ C;UI he ehura":lcriJ'.cd fmm Ihc regiullllf lart-te-scillc Ilfl"ilUl!,hllCSS tll' ItIIlK,I' I), till'
<br />
<br />I Ilmlcs!>ur tit" Eugineerillf!., (iahrichl Mislral t1lli\'crsily, Vift.!.ll HellI. Silntinp,u, ('hile
<br />2 l'n:s1dclll uf Icm:t~ (. 'u" I'alacin Kies..:o 382S, Iluedmr:thll, S;llltia~u. (, 'hilc,
<br />
<br />Ml
<br />
<br />,.,-' "~-'," "-',,,,.., ~
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />lUJlI(ifINl:SS ('(lliH;IClliNT.--KIVI.](S
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />h:'iJ
<br />
<br />n:giull u," illlcrmedi:lh:-scnlc uf rllughucss (I' -R/n84<4 ., .. . , '
<br />ftllI~hllL.'!loS nuns.) .,1). , fl.: . u, , . ) In 11,1~ rt.:glt'" ul slllllll-seOllc III
<br />. ft.: l)draullC nulllls aud ()84 IS IhC' !oii"e Ill' II" I I
<br />materllll, which is liUg....r IJutll84% urlhe lJJ:llcriill (Balhursl I ()K5J. ' Ic f1\l..'r let
<br />
<br />
<br />ANAI.YSlS OF !;XISTINO EMI'IKICAI.FI.OW RESISTANCE FORMIII A '
<br />~lrlck'c((lq'?J)p "J ,,'. .S
<br />- mpose 10 I,:slnUale the M:UUlIllg roughness cnclliciclIl hy:
<br />
<br />(C'/Je)1
<br />"
<br />21 m
<br />Whcre (' ,-, shape lactnr and Dc ,~. critical dialllclcr Ther '. (.I'
<br />rcscnrchers abulItlhc value (If Hc OlenderSilll 1966 S h: , . C I ')SU1 1s.:lgr!':clllcl.t1 mllung
<br />H ,. ,. 'J" , .. . .,). ,u r.lmay.I, t 0_, lUul Mildnd J')I)""))
<br />u~.m.: IUS IIsc dfl1ercllf lIullerm' sil'.es (1)511 1ll<4 1)')0). I' '1'1. ,', - ,'. , - .
<br />1i.1flllulilS AI..:' I If I M..I 'd .." .1II( ..:ue 1l:ll:llls mlh!':lr emplfle:!1
<br />, ',' t:tr 1It~lu a~n (1()tJ:!)Ulsn.'(;ulluUcnlll.'tIhllJsc(' 1U'(>rlJ'iO"mJC It
<br />fur .' )84 .111 (;lllgcs ul relalive submergence belwecn I.U ami 12,5 ( I,U, k/dK.I: I'.,) .'
<br />1.1I11....rlllus (1InU) pwpuscd Ihe estimaliulI ufll hy; _.. ).
<br />
<br />1l,llJ'N'~
<br />IJ,-
<br />1.11> T 2 'Iug( R/i)K4')
<br />B:llhllrsl. ~ Il}85) pnlpused lu estimale Iht' l>.trcy-Weishach
<br />lIltltlllill.1I1l fI\'ers by a scmilugarithlllie equatiull.
<br />
<br />('1)
<br />
<br />ruughness cuellieielll lilr
<br />
<br />Jx N
<br />, = 5,1>2'lug(.. ,,),4,0
<br />I /Jl!4
<br />
<br />(5)
<br />
<br />J:lrrel (1()B4) l)ftlptl'cd . .. I I'
<br />. ' ' " . ~ .111 cn'plrIe:1 (Irlllulll ublllincd using ('ulumdu Hi\" . lkll~1 '0
<br />t;\fullale Mannmg s mllghllcss cueflicienl illdcpcllllcnl uflllc river bed maleri..1. crs
<br />
<br />l" 117'KIIMI.,~,/UI!
<br />
<br />", O,l'!...\'f-ll 'I, ROll.
<br />
<br />(If
<br />
<br />({})
<br />
<br />Whl'rc Sf I"riel inn slupc.
<br />Mildrid (ll)l)~) II(Hr(l\ctl
<br />fllll~hlleSs(I' IVllK'1' 12.5),
<br />
<br />'l~hi~ It}r~I~I~h' \~:IS dC\'I:lttp~d 1(lr :l IOlrt-t..: scOlle Ill' fUllP.hucss,
<br />.-. l.:lllpl((l.:oIr IUflIIUI:ls. IlIr SIll:1l1 .md inlcnllCtliille r:UI,le Ill'
<br />Ihus r
<br />
<br />J;
<br />
<br />R
<br />~ UI7'ln</ ' ).5,351>
<br />)X4
<br />
<br />i7l
<br />
<br />, 1H.15,N"""',S{"""
<br />
<br />,,"" O,HS:;. RIIlI.''' .,\,/11111'1
<br />
<br />or
<br />
<br />IX'
<br />
<br />~'A11.I)~TI()N 01. 1111.: l-:~I~TIN(i Fl.lIW 1(l~~I~IAN('I,: 1''ORMIII AS
<br />WI:: IlIfl.'c~. f'l. lesf ,Ihe ellllllrleal li.lfIllllhl"i 11..!5.(1) illlt! 1i:!>1 the :ljljllicilhilil)' uf Ihe
<br />I up..lrllhllllC rcslslmlc!,: 101\\, .1.11:1 wc.:re eilllech:d fml" It) ,', " ('1'1' ,
<br />.Jl'\~: - ., " . . . !>I es III II e4l11 f1\'e",". A lull
<br />flJltldfl ul fill: hefll !>urvt.'Y dUllc IS P.I\IC"lllU f\.htlrid I I l)()'l , '1'1 ' I, , , II '
<br />1ll.II, I' I' , '-, Ic (,11.1 t:1l cCIl.:lI":(III<;ulel"
<br />~ ,I ,1~11, IIIllTlIIl't I<Ile wales HI ftlllp.IIIlL..<;S II l(/dS,I, 12.5),
<br />I.H~., S'nda l'tlllatiulI (.1) \\oilS \':Ilidllll.'tl ill Ihe SCll~..: 1lJ' Iindiu" (' ,I" I' " I
<br />tlllcr 'II ..1.1 .. 1 I' r ..to I 1I11l111t.res Ilc
<br />e t.:c Ie WCCIIIIC rllllg mess esllnmletl :lnd Ihe rtlul!hllcs!i meilsured, rhe re:>.uh'i arc:
<br />
|