|
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />I
<br />
<br />CONTENTS
<br />
<br />ACKNOWLEDGMENTS """..""""""""""",."",..""..",.,.,....""...".,.."".."..""""..""""".."..,." iii
<br />
<br />EXECUTIVE SUMMARY """""""".",.""""".."",'.,.."..."""",",..",.""""""""""""""",..,.",.""v
<br />
<br />LIST OF TABLES .....,........................,...,..........,...."....,..,..........,..,....,....,......,....,..,........,..,.....".. vii
<br />
<br />LIST OF FIGURES ...,.......,.,..,......,....,.."....,..,.,............,..........,..,..,....,....,...........,..........,....,...... viii
<br />
<br />1. INTRODUCTION """,..""""""""""""""".,..,.,.,.,.".,".....",.."""""",.",."""""""",..,.".,,.""",1
<br />Why We Need Historical Flood Damage Data......,......,......,...........,....,..,........,...,..............I
<br />Sources of Historical Flood Damage Data,............,.......,...,.....,.,...,..................................,..2
<br />Scope of the NWS Flood Damage Data ................,..,...............,..,.............,...............,........,2
<br />
<br />Purpose and Methods ",.,.,."..."".", "",.",....", ,..""" """ """.., ",..".""",...""".,."",.""..""..,4
<br />Organization"""",.."",.."""".."",.. "" ".."",..,'. .'"" "., ."", """ .", """".", ..,..",..", "",.."."."..5
<br />
<br />2. SOURCES OF FLOOD DAMAGE ESTIMATES, 1926-2000....................,............,.......,........6
<br />Overview of Historical NWS Estimates ...,...............,.......,..........,..........,.................,..........6
<br />Present Methods of Compiling Flood Damage Estimates .......,..........,....,....,..,.............,....,7
<br />Sources of Historical NWS Estimates ....................,..........,....................,............,..........,...,9
<br />Additional Sources of Flood Damage Estimates .........,..................,....,...................,..,......11
<br />
<br />Summary"".." """""""'" "" """" """ ",.""".".",.,..." """"" """"".""""""", "'" ",.."".."", 14
<br />
<br />3, DEVELOPMENT OF THE DATA SETS,......,............,...................,......,......,.........................,I5
<br />Resolving the Data Gap, 1976--1982 ,.............,.,...........,............,.,.......,...........,............,....15
<br />Annual National Flood Damage Estimates (1926--1979,1983-2000) ......,....,..,.......,.......16
<br />Annual Flood Damage Estimates for the States (1955-1979, 1983-2000),...........,.........,16
<br />Annual Flood Damage Estimates in River Basins (1933-1975) ......,.........,......,............,..16
<br />Use of the Damage Estimates ......,..................,....,....,........................,..............................,19
<br />
<br />4, SOURCES OF INACCURACY IN THE DAMAGE DATA .......,..........................,......,......,..20
<br />
<br />Clerical Errors""",..""",..""""""""""""..""..""""""",.,.." ,...".""""". ,., ,.",..""".."",.., ,20
<br />Inconsistency in Reporting over Time ......,........,...,..........,....,...........,....,............,....,........20
<br />Low Precision of Reported Estimates "...", ,..""""" """"".."".."" ,..""""", "",....."". ..,..",22
<br />Inadequate Estimation Methods..",,"'....""".""" ""......""""".",..,..'"",...." """.., """,."..,23
<br />
<br />5. ACCURACY OF DAMAGE ESTIMATES......,.....,........,......,.......,...................,...........,......,..24
<br />Errors in Early Damage Estimates................,..,...,..,....,...."......,..,..,....,....,.......,...............,24
<br />Comparison of Damage Estimates from NWS and States........,..........,....,....,...................30
<br />Accuracy: Summary and Conclusions ....,..........,..,....,........,.....................,..",.............,..,..40
<br />
<br />6. DEALING WITH DATA OMISSIONS AND INCONSISTENCIES ....,..............,................,.43
<br />Frequency of Damaging Floods at the State Level...............,....,.......................................43
<br />Magnitude of Damages ..,..... ....., ........,...., ......,..... ....,.... ..,...... ........ ......, ...." ..........,............45
<br />Implications for Analysis of State Damages.. ,........,................,........,....,....,......,...............49
<br />
<br />Recommendations.." .". ,.." '" ,.."" .", ..", ""'" .., '" .""" ."", """'" ""'" '" """"""""" ""., ,."....,54
<br />
|