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<br />!=hannelimtion - Straightening or deepening of a natuml channel by artificial <br />cutoffs, grading, flow-control measures, or diversion of flow into ao artificial <br />channel. <br /> <br />!=ellular -Block Mattress - Regularly cavitated interconnected concrete blocks <br />placed directly on a streambank or filter to prevent erosioo. 1 he cavities C'-lO <br />permit bank drainage and the growth of either volunteer or planted ve'Jetation when <br />synthetic filter fabric is not used between the mattress and bank. <br /> <br />!=hannel Diversion - 1 he removal of flows by natural or artificial means from a <br />natural length of channel. <br /> <br />!=hannel Pattern - 1 he aspect of a stream channel in plan view, wiLh particular <br />reference to the degree of sinuosity, braiding, or anabranching. <br /> <br />!=hannel Process - Behaviour of a channel with respect to shifting, erosion and <br />sedimentation. <br /> <br />.. !=hemical Stabilization - Streambank protection technique involving the <br />application of chemical substances to increase particle cohesiveness and to shift the <br />size distribution toward the coarser fraction. The net effect is to improve the <br />erosion resistance of the material. <br /> <br />Check Dam - A low dam or weir across a channel, for the diversion of <br />irrigation, or for preventing channel degradation. <br /> <br />Chokinq (of flow) - Severe backwater effect resulting from excessive <br />constriction. <br /> <br />Clay - Material passing the No. 200 (0.07ll mm) U. S. Standard Sieve that <br />exhibits plasticity (putty-like properties) within a range of w-ater contents and has <br />considerable strength when air-dry (Unified Soil Classification System). <br /> <br />. ,-., Clay Blanket - Layer of compacted clay placed over cohesion less bank soils to <br />protect them against erosive streamflow. <br /> <br />'Cobble - A fragment of rock the diameter of which is in the size range of 64 to <br />250 mm. ., <br /> <br />, . Concrete Pavinq - Plain or reinforced concrete slabs poured or placed on the <br />surface to be protected. <br /> <br />Confluence - The junction of two or more streams. <br /> <br />Constriction - A control section, such as a bridge crossing, channel reach or <br />dam, with limited flow capacity in which the discharge is related to the upstream <br />water surface elevation; a constriction may be either natural or artificial. <br /> <br />Contact Load - Sediment particles that roll or slide along in almost continuous <br />contact with the streambed. <br /> <br />Contraction - The effect of channel constriction on flow. <br /> <br />xlii <br /> <br />I <br />fI <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />-- <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />I <br />