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data are presented. Suggestions are given as to how these needs can be met. Nonlinear programming and sensitivity Jnalysis are introduced in Section X. Sensitivity analysis is used in study- ing the effects of changes in system parameters and inputs as measured by changes in results. The environmental and humanistic factors that affect the decision making process~s are consi- dered in Section XI. The future trends of city water demands, possibilities for optimising the urban water re- source, and a recent innovation of pressure sewer systems are included in Section XII. AIBRECHT, J.C. 1974: "Alterations in the hydrologic cycle induced by urbanisa- tion in northern New Castle County, De- laware: magnitudes ~nd projections.. Completion report. Delaware University, Newark; 22pp. (NTIS PB-232 153). Key words: surface runoff; urban ru- noff; urban hydrology; computer mo- dels; model studies; data collection, landuse change, aquifers. A model of surface runoff as a function of land surface characteristics in an urban residential area was developed from measured land surface characteris- tics, precipitation, und runoff data. Surface runoff from impervious surfaces feeding directly into drainage ways began after an initi~l extraction for wetting the surface of .03 inches (.08 inches after hot, sunny weather). Surface runoff feom impervious surfaces draining onto lawns and gardens was counted a~ additional precipitatlon spread evenly over the vegetated sur- faces. Surface runoff from vegetated surfaces was then estimated by the Soil Conservation Service's method for esti- mating stor~ runoff. The combin~d es- timates for the different surface types corresponded closely with measured ru- noff (r=.996, s=.06 in., a=.el, b=l. 04) . The model was used to evalu- ate the effects of urb~nisation on other components of the hydrologic cycle by incorporation into a standard daily water budget run for She1lpot Creek watershed, Wilmington, Delaware for 1954 to 1968. The application re- vealed a tripling of surface runoff, a one-half increase in total runoff, and a halving of both percolate to ground water and actual evapotranspiration as urbanised surface (residential use, 54 percent impervious surface) increased from 20 to lOB percent of the watershed area. . AMERICAN PUBLIC WORKS ASSOC IN. 1969: .water pollution aspects of urban runoff". U.S. Dcpt. of the In- terior, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. American Public Works Assoc., Report No. WP-20-15; 272pp. (NTIS PB-215 532/3, EPA-II034DNS01/69). Key words: water pollution: surface runoff; storm runoff; pollution abatement; solid ~astes; urban drain- age: biochemical oxygen demand; air pollution effects~ combined se~rs: pesticides. Analysis and evaluation of environmen- tal pollution factors and their poten- tial pollutional effects resulting from the water-wastes interfacial contact~ during precipitation and cunoff. Factors studied included ~ street re- fuse and litter, catch basins, environ- mentally used chemicals, conttibutions from aie pollution and its control, and sewer solids deposition. Street refuse is found to be significant to pollution load. Pollution load measur~d in terms of aDO is estimated in terms of ~ver~ge daily load, and in terms of the shock pollution load on the receiving body of water. Findings and recommendations are presented in summary form. A com- prehensive set of typical ordinanc~s regarding possible sources of pollution is incluoed. . . AMERICAN PUBLIC WORKS ASSOC'N. 1969: "Water pollution aspects of urban runoff". ~merican Public Works Assoc., Chicago, Illinois, Research Foundation, Final Report No.WP-20-15; 272pp. (NTIS PB-216 127). Key words: water pollution; storm ru- nOff, urban hydrology: water pollu- tion control; environmental eft~cts; urban drainage: solid ~astes; air pollution effects; combined ~ewers; pestie ides. A study was conducted to determine the factors in th~ urban environment which contribute to th~ pollution of urban storm water runoff and to determine methods to limit this source of wat~r pollution. It W3S found that tree re- fuse litter could be a significant fac- tor when the nature of the shock d is~' charge of the pollution is con5idered. An evaluation was made of the ~ffici~n- cy of street cleaning methods and limi- tations of commonly use~ equipmenc ex- plored. Catch basins in conjunctlon with street inlets to the storm W3t~r disposal system were also det~rmined to be a potential major source of poll~- tion. Other potential sources of pol- lution considered included air pollu- tion, roof discharg~s, and chemicals used in the urban environment. . ~MERICAN SOCIETY AGRICULTURAL FNGINEEes. 1972: -Erosion and sediment control on urban and construction sites: annotated bibliography.. W. and S. Divn., Sediment Committee, .5c Joseph, Michigan; l3pp. Key words: bibliographies: abstr~cts, sediment control; erosion; ero3ion control. The bibliography is published to serve as a reference to the latest field ap- plications and research papers on con- trol of sediment in urban afeJS. References have been 3ssemblpd in the one bibliography and will be useful for people engaged in desiqn, construction and research. Thp. bibliography lists technical pap~rs' 3S well as manuals and handbooks that arc not routinely refer- enced in libraries. Source for obtain- ing copies is included with each refer- ence.