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<br />I\.lodifying the Impacts of Flooding . . . . . . . .
<br />Information and Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
<br />Flood Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
<br />Tax Adjustments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
<br />Flood Emergency :rv1easures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .........
<br />Disaster Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
<br />PostfloodRecovery............. ...........
<br />
<br />..40
<br />.40
<br />.. .. 40
<br />.... ,42
<br />,43
<br />,43
<br />" ..45
<br />
<br />Restoring and Preserving the Natural and Cultural
<br />Resources of Floodplains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
<br />Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
<br />Development and Redevelopment Policies . . . . . . . . . .47
<br />Information and Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
<br />Tax Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
<br />Administrative !vleasures .................... .49
<br />
<br />Part III: The Effectiveness of Floodplain Management
<br />
<br />Perception and Awareness of Floodplain Losses
<br />Recognition of Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
<br />Awareness of the Value of Natural Floodplains.
<br />
<br />, .. , . ,52
<br />'" '" ,52
<br />, , , , .. .. , ,53
<br />
<br />Knm....ledge, Standards, and Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
<br />Climate Change and \tVeather Forecasting . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
<br />Streamflow Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
<br />Hydrology and Hydraulics"" , , " ,'." ,," "'" ,." , , ,,54
<br />Flood Forecasting and \Varning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
<br />Soil Identification and Ivlapping . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .5.5
<br />Mapping Flood Hazards "..""", , . , , , , , , , , , , , . , . ,56
<br />Understanding and Iv1apping \Vetlands .. .. .57
<br />Understanding Natural and Cultural Resources ......... . . .57
<br />Remote Sensing Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
<br />Geographic Information Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
<br />Regulatory and Design Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
<br />
<br />Judicial Support for Floodplain Management. . . . . . . . . . . . .58
<br />Constitutionality of Regulations _ . . . . . . . . ..58
<br />Liability for Flood Damages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
<br />Avoiding Legal Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
<br />
<br />The Present and the Future . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
<br />Overv.iev,,r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
<br />Overall Effectiveness ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
<br />Achievements to Date .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
<br />The !\:eed for Specified Goals , , , , , , . . . . . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , .61
<br />The I'\eed for a Comprehensive Data Base . . . . .61
<br />
<br />The Effectiveness of :t\.1anagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
<br />Allowing for Different Approaches . . . . .
<br />Coordination Among Government Agencies
<br />Providing for Local Conditions. . . . . . . . .
<br />
<br />"",'." .61
<br />"',"" ,61
<br />..62
<br />, , ,,62
<br />
<br />The Effectiveness of Floodplain :rv1anagement Strategies and Tools
<br />Modifying Susceptibility to Flood Damage and Disruption.
<br />Modifying Flooding, , ,
<br />rvtodifying the Impact of Flooding on Individuals
<br />and the Community. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
<br />Restoring and Preserving the Natural and Cultural Resources
<br />of Floodplains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
<br />
<br />" ",63
<br />,. ,63
<br />, , . .63
<br />
<br />.. ..64
<br />
<br />.. ..64
<br />
<br />Conclusion
<br />
<br />, "" ,65
<br />
<br />Retrospect and Prospect
<br />-Gilbert F While '
<br />
<br />"'" ,,'., ,., "" ,67
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