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<br />/ <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />Environmental Factors to Consider <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />In selecting a tree, your first consideration must be what the tree needs. <br />In other words, what environmental factors limit the ability of a particular <br />species to thrive? <br /> <br />Minimum Temperature <br /> <br />The lowest temperature of the year limits the range of <br />many trees. The familiar "hardiness map" has zoned the <br />country based on average annual minimum temperatUl'c. Low <br />temperatures, especially if they come suddenly, can freeze <br />and kill the lidng cells in trees. Select a species suitable to the <br />zone where you live. Caution: Elevation and exposure <br />differences (the direction of the slopel ",rithin each zone also <br />have an effect. North slopes, windy sites and higher elevations <br />can make a site equivalent to onc or m'o hardiness <br />zones lower: <br /> <br />Moisture <br /> <br />Each species can tolerate wet or dry growing conditions <br />to a different degree. Special attention must be given to your <br />selection if the site periodically is flooded, subjected to very <br />dry conditions, or is continually exposed to the drying effect <br />of wind. Watering. of course, can modify a dry site, but even <br />when you irrigate it is important to know thE} optimal soil <br />moisture requirement for your species. Tip: Since evergreens <br />give off water (transpiration) from their needles aU winter. it is <br />important that they are well watered in the fall before the <br />ground freezes. Also, do not overwater trees. They \vill <br />"drown" if the soil is kept too wet. "Vith heavy clay-type soils <br />water no more often than at 7-to-10 day intervals during dr)' <br />summer weather. Light, sandy soils could be watered more <br />frequently \Vatering every day or every other day is way too <br />much, however: <br /> <br />Light <br /> <br />Shade tolerance is the te1m fm'esters use to rate the light <br />requirements of each species. Some species, like white birch <br />or most pines, require full sunlight. They are shade intolerant. <br />Tolerant species, like most maples, hemlocks, and lindens can <br />do well in shade. Others, like \vhite oak, are somewhere in <br />between and are referred to as having inlelmediate tolerance. <br />Don't make the mistake of planting your tree where it is <br />mismatched \vith its need for light. <br /> <br />2. TREE CITY [SA 8l"LLETIN NO.4. National Arbor Vay Foundation <br /> <br />. <br /> <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />-. <br /> <br />" <br /> <br />. <br /> <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />-. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br />