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<br />European mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) <br />Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) <br /> <br /> <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br />. <br /> <br />8. During driveway and sidewalk replacements or other excavation near trees, keep root damage to a <br />minimum. It is best to avoid cutting roots. Sidewalks may need to be moved to give tree roots <br />adequate room to grow. Auguring under root systems when working with underground utilities is <br />recommended. <br /> <br />9. Beginning when they are young, prune trees to prevent development of weak form. If possible, <br />annually prune and shape newly planted trees to properly form for at least five years after planting <br /> <br />10. If possible, annually prune dead or weakened limbs. If the tree has structural problems, it may be <br />necessary to periodically thin excess branch wood from the crown. The goal is to produce a well- <br />shaped tree with the center of gravity squarely over the trunk. Develop a crown that allows the <br />wind to flow through it, rather than being trapped in it like a sail. (See Photograph 3.) <br /> <br /> <br />Photo 3. Trees on home. <br />(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) <br /> <br />Photo 4. Tree had been topped. Most limbs broke off <br />at location of stub cuts. <br />(Florida Depl. of Ag. & Consumer Services) <br /> <br />11. Tree topping and other improper pruning results in excess sprouting of new limbs which are poorly <br />anchored. These limbs are easily damaged during a storm and can be considered dangerous. Tree <br />topping should be totally discouraged. (See Photograph 4.) <br /> <br />12. For particularly valuable trees, have a professional arborist strengthen wide-spreading tree crowns by <br />installing flexible cabling and/or rigid bracing when necessary. <br /> <br />13. Keep trees healthy and vigorous by periodically watering or fertilizing when required. Also, protect <br />the soil surrounding trees from compaction or being lowered or raised. When necessary, soil <br />aeration techniques may enhance oxygen flow to the roots and thus increase the vigor of the tree. <br /> <br />132 <br />