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<br />applies, of course, to the rivers as well. Westerners, and in some respects all Americans and citizens of the
<br />world, feel a proprietary interest in those lands and waters and that fact has made for a sea of change in public
<br />nawral resources policy.
<br />
<br />The stresses on our lands and waters, and the urgency of them, has led to, or has been accompanied by, an
<br />unprecedented explosion of ideas. Snstainability, ecosystem management, adaptive management, the new
<br />resource economics, biodiversity, environmental etbics -- none of those terms was part of the public discourse
<br />until just a few years ago. Of course, each of these ideas is vague still -- they are, after all, very young -- but
<br />already we're starting to put them into practice on the ground.
<br />
<br />The importance of these events is heightened by the new administtation, but not in the narrow sense that a new
<br />political party has moved into power in Washington or even that serions proposals to revamp many of the
<br />traditional laws and policies dominate the stage on Capitol Hill. Rather, the most profound change is coming up
<br />from the ground, from western communities, from young people in the local, state, tribal, and federal agencies.
<br />In staff offices all across the West, in the parks, the forests, the refuges, even on the public domain lands, there
<br />are growing numbers of young people imbued with bold ideas just a few years old. The people who were at the
<br />top, burdened by ideas that once fit an earlier and different time, had kept the lid on. Ultimately, people like
<br />Bruce Babbitt, AI Gore, Betsy Reike, Dan Beard, Jack Ward Thomas, and George Miller will be facilitators who
<br />will allow and encourage new ideas and energy to germinate and rise up from the ground.
<br />
<br />The last factor, which in my judgment is a good deal more important than it might first appear to be, is the
<br />flowering of western writing in recent years. There has been as much good writing in the American West over
<br />the past generation as anywhere in the world. Modem authors have depicted our history and our contemporary
<br />places, peoples, and emotions .- our dreams and our barriers. We have learned a great deal from this body of
<br />literature and, ultimately, the West has gained a sense of itself. You can see it all across the West, and certainly
<br />on the Colorado Plateau. We have Tony Hillerman's magical stories of the land and its Indian people, and Ann
<br />Zwinger's close-to-the-ground writing of the desett canyons, gulches, and washes. We have been given the
<br />searing poems of Hopi poets Ramson Lomatewama and Michael Kabotie. Whatever view one may have of Ed
<br />Abbey's politics, it is hard to deny his love of the land and his ability to write of it evocatively. He loved the
<br />desert and, most of all, he loved the least of its plants and animals. He drew us closer to the Colorado Plateau
<br />with his honesty, accuracy, and mystery: he wrote, for example, of the aridity and staying power of desert life by
<br />observing and admiring "a degenerate juniper tree . . , an underprivileged juniper tree, living not on water and
<br />soil but on memory and hope. And almost alone."
<br />
<br />Utah writer Terry Tempest Williams has brought still other dimensions. Her writing is laced with spirituality,
<br />sensuality, and the stripped-down urgency of simplicity. She has given us new ways to look at many different
<br />things, including water. This is from Coyote', Canyon:
<br />
<br />The woman returned to the place of her childhood, where she last remembered her true
<br />nature. She returned to the intimacy of a small canyon that for years had loomed large
<br />in her imagination, and there she set up camp. . . .
<br />
<br />For days, the woman wandered in and out of the slickrock maze. She drank from
<br />springs and ate the purple fruit of prickly pears. Her needs were met simply. Because
<br />she could not see herself, sbe was unaware of the changes -- how her skin became
<br />taut and tan, the way in which her hair relaxed and curled itself. She even seemed to
<br />walk differently as her toes spread and gripped the sand. . . .
<br />
<br />Within minutes, the wash began to swell. The woman. . . sought higher ground up
<br />a side canyon. . . She was prepared to watch if a flash flood came. And it did. The
<br />clear water turned muddy as it began to rise, carrying with it the force of wild horses
<br />running with a thunderstorm behind them. Tbe small stream, now a river, rose higher
<br />still, gouging into the sandy banks, hurling rocks, roots, and trees downstream. . .
<br />She pulled her legs in and wrapped her anns around her shins, resting her cheekbones
<br />against her knees. She closed her eyes and concenttated on the sound of water
<br />bursting through the silence of the canyon.
<br />
<br />Rivers Without Boundaries 1994
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