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<br />VI. GLOSSARY <br /> <br />Bank Protection. Placement of revetment or other armor to stabilize a stream bank against <br />erosion or use of a river training structure designed to deflect the hydraulic <br />erosive forces away from a streambank. <br /> <br />Bu I khead. <br /> <br />A vertical or nearly vertical structure supporting a natural or artificial <br /> <br />embankment. <br /> <br />Crib. An open-frame structure filled with earth or stone ballast designed to absorb <br />energy and to deflect hydraulic currents away from a streambank. <br /> <br />Cross Section. <br />material, <br /> <br />A vertical section (prof I Ie) of the surface, the ground, and/or underlying <br />which provides a side view of the structure. <br /> <br />Cut Bank. The concave wa II of a meander I og stream that is ma I nta I ned as a steep or <br />overhanging cl Iff by the Impinging streamflow against Its base. <br /> <br />Dike (5111. Qroln. spur. ietty). A river training aid constructelj of earth, wood, or <br />stone, designed to deflect erosive currents away from a bank and to control movement <br />of bed material. <br /> <br />Eros Ion. The wear I ng away of I and by the act I on of natura I forces. On a beach, the <br />carryIng away of beach material by wave action, tidal currents, littoral currents, or <br />wind. <br /> <br />Fence. A river training structure normally consisting of mesh attached to a series of <br />posts often In double rows; the Interstitial space between the rows may be 11 I led <br />with rock~ brush~ or other locally available materials. <br /> <br />Filter. Layer of sand, evenly graded rock, or cloth, placed between the bank armor and <br />soil for one or more of three purposes: to prevent the soil from coming through the <br />armor by extrusion or erosion, to prevent the armor from sinkIng Into the soil. and <br />to permit natural seepage from the streambenk to occur and thus prevent buildup of <br />excessive hydrostatic pressure. <br /> <br />Impermeable. Not permItting passage of water. <br /> <br />Lower Bank. That portion of a streambank having an elevation less than the mean wafer <br />level of the stream. <br /> <br />OrQanic Mixtures and Mulches. Any of ~ number of organIc agents (e.g.. petrochemicals or <br />vegetative matter) used to stabilize a streambank against erosion by affording <br />permanent protection or t...porary protection and nutrients for the establishment of <br />vegetation. These agents, whICh may be In the form of liqUidS, emulsions, or <br />slurrles~ are normally appl led by means of mechanical broadcasters. <br /> <br />Perm It. A document I ssued by the Department of the Army express I ng the assent of the <br />Federal Government~ so far as concerned the public rights of navigation and the <br /> <br />31 <br />