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<br />. <".~' <br />NOTICE:. Th.. proj..ct that 18 th.. subj..ct of this r..port <br />was approved by the Gov..rningBoard of th..National <br />R..aearch Council. whos.. members are drawn from the <br />councils of the National Academy of Sci..nces. th.. <br />National Acad..my of Engin....ring and the Institut.. of <br />Medicine. Th.. memb..rs of the committ..e responsible fot <br />th.. r..port wer.. chos..n for their sp..cial comp..t..nces ar <br />with r..gard for appropriat.. balanc... <br /> <br />This r..port has be..n reviewed. by a group other thB <br />the authors, according to procedures approved by a <br />Report Review Committee consisting of members of the <br />National Academy of Sciences. the National Academy of <br />Engin....ring. and the Institut.. of Medicin... <br /> <br />The. National R..search Council was established by <br />th.. National Acad..my of Sciences, in 1916 to associat~ <br />the broad community of scienc.. and technology with the <br />Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of <br />advising the federal government. The council operates <br />in accordance with general policies determined by the <br />Academy under the authority of its congressional chart. <br />of 1863. which establishes the Academy as a private, , <br />nonprofit. self-governing membership corporation. The <br />Council has become the principal operating agency of <br />both the National Academy of Sciences and the National <br />Academy of Engineering in the conduct of their service, <br />to the government. the public. and the scientific and <br />engineering communities. It is administered jointly b, <br />both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The <br />National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of <br />Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, <br />respectively. under the charter of the National Academ, <br />of Sciences. <br /> <br />This report represents work supported by Contract <br />Number EMW-C-0756. work unit number 6311F between the <br />F..deral Em..rgency Management Agency and the National <br />Academy of Sciences. <br /> <br />11 <br />