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CONTENTS Syrnbo~.__.__.__._____.___..._..____..______.__._. Abstract___________________________________________ Introduction and acknowledgments_ _ _ _ ___ _ ___ ___ _____ Geographic setting and basic measurementS_n_________ ~-reasurement of hydraulic variables in ephemeral streams_ General features of flow _ _ _ _ ___ n_ ____ n_ _ _ _ __ _ __ Problems of measuremenL_______________________ Changes of width, depth, velocity, and load at indi- vidual channel cross sections_ _ __ n____ _h_ __n_ Changes of hydraulic characteristics in the down- stream directioll__ ___ ____ ____ __ n__ _ ___ ___ ____ Interrelation of drainage net and hydraulic factors__n__ Relation of stream order to stream number, stream length, and drainage area_ __ __ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ Page IV Equations relating hydraulic and physiographic 1 factors______________________________________ 1 Some relations of hydraulic and physiographic factors to 2 the longitudinal profile__ _ __ __ u_ __u____ ___ ____ ___ 4 Channel roughness and particle size_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 4 Effect of change of particle size and velocity on 6 stream gradienLn_______ uu_u_ u_ u_ _ _ _ _ ___ Equilibrium in ephemeral streams_____________________ 7 l\-Iutual adjustment of hydraulic factors_ __ h _ u u_ The discontinuous gully __ _ _ ___ __ ___ ___ ___ _u ____ 13 Summary__________________________________________ 16 References_________________________________________ Appendix__~_______________________________________ 16 lndex_____________________________________________ Page. 19 24 24 26 28 28 29 33 34 35 37 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE 1. Location map_____________n__u__uu___ 2. Channel of Arroyo Caliente, a fifth order stream_ _ _ __ __ ___ _______ ___ _ ___ ___ _____ 3. Channel of Arroyo San Cristobal, a 10th order stream__ _ _ _ _ ____ ____ ___ ___ __ __ ___ _____ 4. Passage of a small bore in rising stage of a flash flow in the Rio Puerco, N. Mex., September 19, 1941. A, time 1:14 p. -ill:; B, time 1:14}4 p. m.; C, time 1:14~ p. m.; D, time 1 :15 p. m.; E, time 1 :15711J p. m.u_ 5. Water pouring into open pipe or tunnel, Rio Pescado, N. Mexn _ u __ _ _ _ _ _ _ n _ __ _ _ u_ 6. Relations between hydraulic variables, Rio Galisteo at Domingo, N. Mexun_u_uu 7. Relations between hydraulic variables, Rio Puerco near Cabezon, N. Mex____________ 8. Relations between hydraulic variables in ephemeral streams____ ___ _____ ______ ____ 9. Suspended-sediment rating curves, Rio Galis- tea at Domingo, N. Mex., and Rio Puerco near Cabezon, N. Mex_un________n___ 10. Suspended-sediment rating curves for ephem- eral streamsu____ _______ _u_uu __ _ ____ 11. Downstream change of hydraulic variables in ephemeral streamsu_un __ _u_u u_ ____ P... 2 3 Page FIGURE 12. Drainage basin of typical ephemeral arroyo__ 17 13. Relation of stream length and number of streams to stream order_____________nu 18 14. First-order tributaries in Arroyo Caliente____ 19 15. Arroyo de 105 Frijoles, an eighth-order stream_ 19 16. Relation of draina,ge area to stream order__u 20 17. Relation of channel slope to stream order n u 21 18. Relation of channel slope to channel width___ 22 19. Relation of channel width to stream order _ _ _ 23 20. Relation of discharge to stream order _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 21. Relation of flood discharge to drainage areau 24 22. Downstream interrelations of depth, velocity, slope, and roughness _ _ _ _ _ _ u _ u u _ u n u 25 23. Downstream change of bed-particle size in ephemeral streamsu _ __ n u __ u _ u _ _ _ u _ 27 24. Downstream change of stream gradient in selected basins______uu_____________n 27 25. Typical continuous arroyo, Rio Puerco near 1fanuelito, K. MexU_h_h_U_nnn___ 29 26. Stages in development of an arroyo from a dis- continuous gullyu_____n_u_u___u__u 31 27. Profile of a discont.inuous gully, Arroyo Falta_ 33 III 3 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 14