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<br />~~u~ E~~""..... {,'r J.Ill"pi.anJ':;I..:hrMnt J. Hydro]. 81.10.\-
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<br />Cb<'~. ".T.. 19:'-\1 Or<" ':b.>nn<l h~..1rauli..:._ ~1.:G~,",.HiU. N~w
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<br />'.",.r ..wlil}' r""'~>"""" ti.:.>l ~,'-.Jrl.liM.ln: And.:rwn. ~t.G..
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<br />\\',I~~ W<Un,.C'-....:.:b<,'<r.;'f'._'61.
<br />F~k'".'<. R__'l... O.n.'. PH.. 1'>>1, S"I'IWri,"" mod.lIint of
<br />,"'...e.;eJ,..dt....:>I d"".,. in....IU.1nII.""~..., E.IU>nMond
<br />c.,>->Ul Shdf 5..:,..'1. -~:<_-6:.
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<br />;l,"'L....!<I"""Wll...J.C*"'cll".il....'iI\l.DSH-I3868.
<br />C..... D.!<L. .'I.D'un.:>a.. !<lG_~.iL 1m. L>rlfsc>k lIoo<.lpLWl
<br />='~:::":l. E.::r..;.;,.;:;.?:-:.;.;.:;.Ol-..l.L.:i"rul.-13.Sll-S~3.
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<br />H.vdy.R.J..1991.Moo"l1ins-tlw<.l9l;unmorpho--I1Yll>lllic....ing,
<br />t",LMii,nelll';onaIlinl1e ~k""'nl ~ppro:u:h. Unpubli>h<d PltO.
<br />U.u"~o.il)' of Bri>l"1.
<br />H.....lJ<UI. J..M.. V>n H=n. L.. 1996. R""em >d":ulCe.;n nUmer-
<br />kal lnelho.,.J. for duil1 lIow.lll: Amkn<m. ~I.G.. Wallin,. O,E..
<br />B.,e" P,O. ~E<Js.I, F\<>oIJplain Pro.:~...,..Jobn Wiky..... S......
<br />Olid""ler.pp.Il13.
<br />KinJ.I.P.. Non.,... W.K.. 197&. Re<<m :applk>lIQII ofRMA'.li.u1<
<br />df""'lK model fot 1"'-0 4inl<n.iO<t>! bl".IroJ~'nami<:.;uId ""I<r
<br />'1~;a\iIY. Proc.!nti I.... C..nf. O8lin;lf <I"'''''III;n War. Re..
<br />Penl""ltfu",.Lon.llln.
<br />Lane. S.N.. Chandl.r. J,H. Ri;:1wd.. K.S.. I~. o.,'dopmenll in
<br />m<>niloong>Bdmo.L:llin,.m:>Ilsc>lfriwrbcdlopo,...phy
<br />E>rtItSwf. Proc. an<.ll->ndfllml. 19. ]..t9_J68.
<br />L>nI...r.R.W.. Son,. Y..I99:!.Acomp>risonot'sp:ui>1pi<bfor
<br />,",,,,,,ric"" now ill "":ll"c...... "'.... Int. J. Numer. M.IbOO>Ru,'"
<br />1~.I09-I~.
<br />l<Pron"I.C.. Vin<;elU.P..1936.Somo>I<>lSofplC'd.ioD.for~linilf
<br />~Iomelll modd IIf ""em tides. J. COmplll. PItY'. 6S. ~13-~9\.
<br />luelllch. R.A.. Jr. Weuerin1:. JJ. s.:hdfllfr. N.W.. 199:!. ADCIRC
<br />All Ad,'",.,.ed Thr<<.DirmllSion.:lI Cin:lli:uioll for .hehfS.
<br />couu and e.1U:Uics.1. Tbo:or}' anti nwlho<.lololY of ADCIRC.
<br />~ODI anti AOCIRC.}OL. DIU' Ted R<p. 1. 131 pp. US Army
<br />Corps or En,. W:ucrw~ys Et.p. Sin. Vid;sbw,. Mi...
<br />!<Ii\ler. A.L 199..\. Debri..fall comoucU1I1U andlloo<.llty<.lmdin i..
<br />Rhu C>IIYo,,": Some: implk>liocu fot Iw<>-dimem.inn>I l\ow
<br />mo<.lcUinJ. E>nItS"rf. Proc.:wiL>n<.lfonn. 19.681-698
<br />:-;,.It. J.E.. Su.dilfe.I.V.. 1910. R.i,'.r Jkr".' fORCaslinJ IhrouJh
<br />coneoplual modch Pan I - A 4iscuuioo of primciplco. J.
<br />Hydro!. 10. :!8:!-~90.
<br />W.Sl<rin1:. J.J.. Luenklt. R-A.. Mucdnll. J.c.. 199..\. ~lod<linJ lide.
<br />in th< "'.slem Sonb A<1anlk u.inJ UllWUcture<! ~d p:uJ!i
<br />T<ilu..S",.A..\6, 118-199.
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<br />
<br />ELSEVIER
<br />
<br />Journal
<br />of
<br />Hydrology
<br />
<br />JoumaIofHy1lroloJy:!1611999l131-I..\.l
<br />
<br />Technical note
<br />
<br />Recording rainfall stratigraphy: a modified storage gauge for
<br />measuring rainfall events
<br />
<br />E.J. Brown, W.E. Bardsley.
<br />
<br />lH"",,-n' of E.mh Sd~,.us. UNi,'asin' oflV<lihtto. Pri,'QU Ba, JIO$. H"",dtOll N~", z.,..i<snJ
<br />R<<oi"N 1 Ja,"""y 1993; I'<<<i~cd ill ",,,'i,,,11 f<>mt..\ No~~mbcr 1998; >ccopl<dl6 No~ombu 19911
<br />
<br />Abslrad
<br />
<br />Slandard SlOr.tge rain gauges preserve nothing of Ihe magnilude of individual rainfall evenl5. A 10Yl-ledmology modified
<br />slDra,e ,aure is described which RCOrdS evenl nw.!nitudcs bIN nol their timing. A filial in !be ,aule COntains a collimated
<br />ndioactive ~e whicb has ilS inl<8Sity calibraled so mal each rainl~s period generales a line IIn , prolecfed film. Rotinfall
<br />evenl ntlIJRilUdes are ~orded as !he vertic..J inlervals between consecutive hOrUonlallines on the !llm. That i~. the fCl:oro
<br />repn:scnl5 a slntignphic column of rainellil events al tbe ,auge location. A DClWlIrk: of !be gauges allows signi!lcaot rainfall
<br />evenl "layers" to be linked throuib space analogous to stratigraphic correl,tion. 101999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
<br />I"Cscr.'cd.
<br />
<br />Krp''Qrds: binfa11; ).If:uurelnenl: T<<ltniques; Inwume....
<br />
<br />1. IntroductioD
<br />
<br />The importance oC accuralely measuring small-
<br />scalespalial variatioo oCrainfall events has been iden-
<br />tified in a varielY of scienlific studies (Bemdlsson and
<br />Niemctynowicz. 1988; Goodrich el aI.. 1995: Faures
<br />et al.. 199.5; Desa and Niemctynowicz, 1996; Loukas
<br />and Quick. 1994; Loukas and Quick. 1996. However,
<br />lhere may be considerable cost involved in senina up
<br />a sufficiently large numbc:rofrecordina aauaes to give
<br />the required dearee oC spatial resolution of the evenlS.
<br />At the more basic level of rainfall recording,
<br />national networks of storage gauge! conlribute on-
<br />going inpuI 10 c1imalology and hydrology data
<br />bases. Such networks arc: inexpensive bUI provide
<br />limiled rainfall informalion. For example, monthly
<br />storage gauge readings do not allow delennination
<br />
<br />of whether me rainfall lotals represcnl a few large
<br />rainfall events or the: combined effecI of a large
<br />numberofsmallevenls.
<br />For bom projecl-specific and basic rainfall record-
<br />ing. it would be: desirable to have low-cost storage
<br />gauges available which pn:sc:rve the record oC rainfall
<br />events for later analysis. This article describes a
<br />simple modified storage gauge which has the potenlial
<br />10 meet this need without creating too much additional
<br />cost.
<br />
<br />2. The expcrimcntala:auge
<br />
<br />The new gauge is henceforth rderred to as the
<br />"slillsland" rain gauge ~ause it is essc:nlially a
<br />slorage gauge modified 10 allow a marking process
<br />to lake place 011 Ihe gauge WOller level during rainless
<br />periods. The: stillstand mark is created using a /loat
<br />wimin the gauge, which holds a sealed radioactive
<br />
<br />
<br />.Cnm=spotWlin, author. Fu: + 6..\ 1 1lS4 Oil'; f-mail;
<br />webtlw>ikalo.><:.DZ
<br />
<br />002:!.1694I9WS - '" rronc malIfr e 1999 EI",~ier Seien<< B,V. All nghl. ..."'rve<!.
<br />PII: SOO:!:!.I69..\~91)OO:!9..\.1
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