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The 100- and 500-year flood plain boundaries are shown on the Flood Boundary and Floodway Map (Exhibit 2). In cases where the 100- and SOO-year flood plain boundaries are close together, only the 100-year flood plain boundary has been shown. Small areas within the flood plain boundaries may lie above the flood elevations ~ut cannot be shown due to lin.itations of the map scale and/or "lack of detailed topographic data. For the streams studied by approximate methods, only the 100-year flood plain boundary is shown. 4.2 Floodways Encroachment on flood plains, such as structures and fill, reduces flood-carrying capacity, increases flood heights and velocities, and increases flood hazards in areas beyond the encroachment itself. One aspect of flood plain management involves balancing the economic gain from flood plain development against the resulting increase in flood hazard. For purposes of the NFIP, a floodway is used as a tool to assist local communities in this aspect of flood plain management. Under this concept, the area of the 100-year flood plain is divided into afloodway and a floodway fringe. The floodway is the channel of a stream, plus any adjacent flood plain areas, that must be kept free of encroachment so that the 100-year flood can be carried without substantial increases in flood heights. Minimum Federal standards limit such increases to 1.0 foot, provided that hazardous velocities are not produced, The floodways in this study are presented to local'agencies as minimum standards that can be adopted directly or that can be used as a basis for additional floodway studies. The floodways presented in this study were computed on the basis of equal-conveyance reduction from each side of the flood plain., The results of these computations are tabulated at selected cross sections for each stream segment for which a floodway is computed (Table 2). As shown on the Flood Boundary and Floodway Map (Exhibit 2), the floodway boundaries were computed at cross sections. Between cross sections, the boundaries were interpolated. In cases where the floodway and 100-year flood plain boundaries are either close together or collinear, only the floodway boundary has been shown. The area between the floodway and~lOO-year flood plain boundaries is termed the floodway fringe. The floodway fringe encompasses the portion of the flood plain that could be completely obstructed without increasing the water-surface elevation of the 100-year flood by more than 1.0 foot at any point. Typical relationships between the floodway and the floodway fringe and their significance to flood plain development are shown in Figure 2. '" ,'_.' 9