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<br />Figure I
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<br />Figure 2
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<br />Figure 3
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<br />Figure 4
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<br />Figure 5
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<br />Figure 6
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<br />Figure 7
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<br />Figure 8
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<br />Figure 9
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<br />Figure to
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<br />Figure 11
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<br />Figure 12
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<br />Figure 13
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<br />Figure 14
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<br />Figure 15
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<br />Figure 16
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<br />Figure ]7
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<br />Figure 18
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<br />Figure 19
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<br />Figure 20
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<br />Figure 21
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<br />Figure 22
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<br />Figure 23
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<br />Figure 24
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<br />Figure 25
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<br />Figure 26
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<br />LIST OF FIGURES
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<br />Schematic representation of scour at a cylindrical pier , , , , , . , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , , " 14
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<br />Illustrative pier scour depth in a sand-bed stream as a function of time ,."".""" 17
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<br />Fall velocity of sand-sized particles , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , , . , , , , , . , , , , , , , , . ,. 32
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<br />Comparison of scour equations for variable depth ratios (y/a) (after Jones)<44) , . , , , , , " 34
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<br />Comparison of scour equations with field scour measurements (after Jones)(44) ."".,. 35
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<br />Values of Y/a vs Yl/a for CSU's equation(47) .",..,.,..,.""".""".., 35
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<br />Common pier shapes. . , , . , , , , , . . . , , , , , , . , . . . , , , , , , , . , , , , , , . , . , , , , , ., 39
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<br />Definition sketch for velocity and depth on exposed footing . , , , , , . , , . , , . , , . . , , , , . 40
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<br />Pile groups """""",.""""."".""""""".",.""", 41
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<br />Pile cap placed at the streambed, in the flow, or at the water surface , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 42
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<br />Multiple columns skewed to the flow """"..,..".,..",.""."""." 43
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<br />Definition sketch of vertical contraction scour resulting from pressure flow
<br />(see appendix B) """"",."""",.",."""""""""""", 44
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<br />Topwidth of scour hole , . , , , , . , , , , , . , , . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . . , , . . , , , 45
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<br />Comparison of laboratory flow characteristics to field flow conditions , , , , . , , , , , , , " 46
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<br />Abuttnent shape . . , , , , . , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , . . , , , , , . , . , , , , , , , , . , , , . , , ,. 47
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<br />Adjusttnent of abuttnent scour estimate for skew, , . . , , , , . . , , . , , , , , , , . , , . , , , ,. 49
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<br />Cross section of proposed bridge "".""".."",.."."""""",.,. 51
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<br />Equal conveyance tubes of approach section, , " , . " , "., , . , " , " , , . " , , , , ,. 53
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<br />Equal conveyance tubes of bridge section, , , , , , , , . , . , , , , , . , , , . , , , , , , , , , , , " 53
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<br />Plan view of equal conveyance tubes showing velocity distribution at approach
<br />and bridge sections. , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , , , . . . , , . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , ., 54
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<br />Velocity distribution at bridge crossing "",.,., . , . . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , . " 59
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<br />Plot oftolal scour for example problem, . , , , , , . , . , . , , , , , , , . , , , , , , . . , , . , . ., 68
<br />Types of tidal waterway crossings (after Neill)(63) , , , , . , , . . , . , , , , , , , , , . , , . , . " 72
<br />Principal tidal terms (after Neill)<63) """.'"""""""",.",.""", 73
<br />Sediment transport in tidal inlets (after Sheppard)<66) , , , , . , , , , , , . , , . , , , , , , , , , " 76
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<br />Tidal parameters for example problem I """'.'"""""""",'.",,,. 90
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