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<br />6. What level of design of the minor UDFC system will maxi- <br /> <br /> <br />mize the benefits shown on Table 11-4 and minimize the costs? <br /> <br /> <br />These questions, particularly number 6, are difficult to answer and <br /> <br /> <br />must be currently considered by political means primarily until more <br /> <br /> <br />economic information becomes available to shed light on the answers to <br /> <br /> <br />these questions. The evaluation problem of minor UDFC projects thus <br /> <br /> <br />becomes one where each community answers for itself the foregoing <br /> <br /> <br />questions, then finds minimum cost feasible projects which meet the <br /> <br /> <br />UDFC needs. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />Classification of Costs and Benefits <br /> <br /> <br />Table 11-4 presented an inventory of costs and benefits normally <br /> <br /> <br />associated with UDFC projects. It shows damage reduction in perspective, <br /> <br /> <br />as only one of several benefits realized from such projects. These costs <br /> <br /> <br />and benefits can be useful in the following four evaluation procedures: <br /> <br /> <br />1. Determination of project feasibility <br /> <br /> <br />2, Development of information for justifying and promoting <br /> <br /> <br />projects <br /> <br /> <br />3. Development of criteria for ranking competing UDFC projects <br /> <br /> <br />4. Determination of the incidence of costs and benefits on <br /> <br /> <br />population subgroups. <br /> <br />The Problems of Estimating Indirect and Intangible Costs and Benefits <br /> <br /> <br />Regardless of the type of evaluation problem faced, a basic problem <br /> <br /> <br />is the determination and quantification of a proposed project's expected <br /> <br /> <br />benefits. This is one of a number of technical problems inhibiting formal <br /> <br /> <br />systems analysis procedures. Some other related problems are, according <br />to Keeney and Raiffa II6]: <br /> <br />39 <br />