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<br />E2
<br />
<br />FLOODS OF H165 IN THE UNITED STATES
<br />
<br />SU~RY OF FLOODS
<br />
<br />INTRODUCTION
<br />
<br />This report summarizes information on outstanding floods in the
<br />United States during 1965. The floods reported were unusual hydrcr
<br />logic events in which large areas were affected, great damage resulted,
<br />or record-high discharges or stages occurred and for which sufficient
<br />data were available for the preparation of a report.
<br />In U,S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1850, four chap-
<br />ters-18M-A, "Floods of March-May 1965 in Upper Mississippi River
<br />Basin" (Anderson and Burmeister, 1970); 1850-B, Floods of June
<br />1965 in South Platte River Basin, Colorado (Matthai, 1969); 1850-
<br />C, "Floods of November 1965 to January 1966 in Gila River Basin of
<br />Arizona and New Mexico and in Adjacent Basins in Arizona" (Ald-
<br />ridge, 1!f70) ; 1800-D, "Floods of June 1005 in Arkansas River Basin,
<br />Colorado, Kansas, and New Mexico" (Snites and Larimer, 1970)-are
<br />special reports that describe floods in detail in their respective areas,
<br />The areas for which flood reports have been prepared for 1965 are
<br />shown i,l tigure 1. The areas discussed in Qhapters A-D are indicated
<br />by a stippled pattern, and other areas discussed in this summary chap-
<br />ter are shown by a line pattern, The months in which. the floods oc-
<br />curred 'are shown; the map ,thereby gives both the location and the
<br />time distribution of floods during the year,
<br />A flood may be defined as any abnormally high streamflow that
<br />overtops natural or artificial banks of a stream; a great number of
<br />these events occur that are unreported every year in the United States.
<br />Each flood in this report was selected as an outstanding or relatively
<br />rare event. A rare flood is not necessarily an impressive flood, but it is
<br />one whose probability of being duplicated at anyone site is small. A
<br />rare flood in an isolated area or in a sparsely inhabited area could
<br />possibly be a more outstanding hydrologic event than a much publi-
<br />cized flood in a developed area.
<br />Many variable factors of meteorology and physiography in inumer-
<br />able combinations cause floods of all degrees of severity. Some meteor-
<br />ological factors influencing floods are the form, the amount, and the in-
<br />tensity of precipitation; moisture condition of the soil before the
<br />storm; the temperature, which may cause frozen soil or may determine
<br />the rate of snowmelt; and the direction of the storm movement, The
<br />principal physiographic features of a basin that determine f1oodflows
<br />are: drainage area, altitude, geology, shape, slope, aspect, and vegeta-
<br />tive cover. With .the exception of vegetative cover, which varies
<br />seasonally, the physiographic features are fixed for any given area.
<br />The combination of the magnitude and intensity of meteorologic phe-
<br />nomena, antecedent moisture conditions, and the efl'ect of inherent
<br />physiographic features on runoff determines what the magnitude of a
<br />flood will be,
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