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<br />Journal
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<br />Journal of Hydrology 228 (2000) 101-112
<br />
<br />www.elsevier.comflocatcljbytlro]
<br />
<br />ELSEVIER
<br />
<br />0180, oD and 3H measurements constrain groundwater recharge
<br />patterns in an upland fractured bedrock aquifer, Vermont, USA
<br />
<br />M.D, Abbott', A. Lini. P.R, Bierman
<br />
<br />D~panm~111 of C.-%ty, Un;vusiry of V..m,onl. Burlington. vr OS405~122, USA
<br />Received 18 May 1999; received in revised fonn 29 October 1999: accepted 15 December 1999
<br />
<br />Abstract
<br />
<br />Stable isotope ratios. measured in groundwater samples, reflect the effects of evapolranspiration on bedrock recharge and
<br />flow patternli in a 10.5 lan' upland mountainous watershed in northwestern Vennont.. Precipitation and groundwater samples
<br />(11 = 619) were collected weekly over a 1,5 year period. Precipitation 8180 ranges yearly over -25 per mil (%.>), and decreases
<br />2.5%~ for every 1000 m of elevation gain, reflecting seasonal and altitudioaltcmperature changeS. .sD values are well correlated
<br />with 0180 and plot close to the Meteoric Water Line, indicating no evaporation effects. In the colder ,months (late November to
<br />early April), ~roundwater ot80 compositioll varies by as much as 4.3%0 in response to precipitation events, indicating rapid
<br />local recharge to the bedrock. In the warmer months (late April to early November), variation in groundwater li "0 is smaller
<br />(within 0.4%<.) at the lower ele\'ations in the watersh~d, reflecting a reduction of infiltration to {he bedrock. However, at higher
<br />elevations (above 800 m asl), groundwater 0 I~O continues to respond to precipitation events due to the sparse vegetative cover
<br />and colder temperalures that result in lower evapotranspiration rates. Tritium concentrations in groundwaler range from 6.7 to
<br />26.7 TU, indicating that groundwater residence times may vary from less than I year to in excess of 30 years. 0 2000 Elsevier
<br />Science B,V. All rights reserved.
<br />
<br />Keywords: Bedrock:: Ground-waler: 1,,"opc_~eochell1i~try: Recharge: Slable iliQIOpeS: Vermont
<br />
<br />1. Introduction
<br />
<br />and timing of recharge to bedrock (Maloszewski and
<br />Zuber, 1982; Alley. 1984; Harte and Winter, 1993).
<br />The stable isotopic composition of water reflecls
<br />the temperature to which it was exposed during
<br />condensation (Friedman and O'Neil, 1977; Hoefs.
<br />1987). We used stable isotope measurements (oxygen
<br />and hydrogen) in precipitation and groundwater to
<br />characterize patterns of groundwater recharge and
<br />flow in the upland, fractured phyllite and schist aqui-
<br />fer of the Browns River, nonhwestem Vennont (Fig.
<br />I). Large seasonal temperature changes (>50oC
<br />annually) and high relief (.1 ;:= 1080 m) in this setting
<br />produce significant temporal and spatial variations in
<br />the stable oxygen isotopic composition (5180) of
<br />precipitation (- 3 [0 -28%0). Deuterium composilion
<br />
<br />In New England, upland bedrock aquifers are rich
<br />sources of clean drinking water. To predict water
<br />supply suslainability or to address conlamination
<br />problems in a panicular upland basin, a comprehen-
<br />sive understanding of groundwater recharge and flow
<br />is required. Of particular imponance are the locations
<br />of significant recharge areas, as well as the amount
<br />
<br />. Corresponding aUlhor. Sevee & Maher Enl;!ineers, Inc.. P.O.
<br />BOll 85A, Cumberland Cenler, ME 04021. USA. Tel.: +].207-
<br />829.5016;fa;(: +1.207-829.5692.
<br />E.mail o.ddrru; mda@smeffiiline.com(M.D. Abbott)
<br />
<br />0022-1694/00/$ _ ~ee front mailer 0 2000 Elsevier SCIence B.V. All rights reserved
<br />rll:SOo22_t694(OO)OOI49_9
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