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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I The regal fritillary butterfly inhabits tall-grass prairie in the midwest and damp meadows or marshy areas in the east. Belfragi' s chlorochroan bug prefers native wet prairie habitats and is associated with grasses and sedges found in swamps, marshes or similar habitat. Small portions of potential habitat occur within the project area. Detailed information on the noctuid moth has not been identified to date. This genus generally prefers grassy and semi-arid lands of the southwest. This type of habitat does not occur within the project area. The scaleshell inhabits the muddy bottoms of large rivers. The spectaclecase pearly mussel prefers a stable bottom of large cobbles or boulders in areas where the current is reduced, The Missouri River may provide suitable habitat for both of these species. i. Cultural Resources: The project site was investigated to determine its potential for containing cultural resources, including archeological sites and standing structures. Regional prehistories and histories, historic documents and maps, and communication with the archaeologist of the Nebraska State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) on the state site files were incorporated into this examination for cultural potential. No prehistoric sites are noted in the state site files within the project area and only a few sites are recorded in Nemaha County (see correspondence in Appendix F) (Steinacher 1995). While the lack of sites recorded within the project area may reflect limited archeological investigations within the area, conditions for the discovery of prehistoric sites are limited. Because portions of the project site have been disturbed by historic channelization and associated drainage features (such as culverts), the likelihood of recovering intact archeological remains within the project site is very limited, given current surface conditions and migration of the Missouri. The Missouri River has clearly undergone considerable lateral migration throughout the region (Exhibit 5). This river migration will have discouraged prehistoric and historic settlement in the project area and disturbed any remaining evidence of settlements. A review of regional prehistories suggests that prehistoric and historic Native American utilization of the area was apparently of a limited nature. Though habitation of the region began during the Paleo-Indian period, remains from this period are generally found on the surface or in disturbed contexts (Alex 1980). Similarly, Archaic sites in the region also tend to represent surface fmds of small camp sites (Alex 1980). While some later prehistoric cultures were village- level societies, these cultures were principally concentrated in northwestern Iowa (Mill Creek Culture) and northeastern Nebraska and Southeastern Iowa (Nebraska Culture at Glenwood) (Alex 1980; Anderson 1975). The contemporaneous Oneota Culture appears to have inhabited the region between the Mill Creek and GIenwood groups. The Oneota Culture may have had a mobile hunting and raiding lifestyle, enabling them to inhabit an area not suitable to the more settled groups (Anderson 1975). The Oneota apparently were ancestral to the historically-known Ioway tribe, which left Iowa in 1830 under conditions of a treaty signed with the United States (Anderson 1975). Other Siouan cultures lived along the Missouri, including the Ponca, the Omaha, the Missouri and the Otoe. In 1854 the Otoe and Missouri Indians ceded most of their lands to the United States, moving to the Indian territories. All of the prehistoric and historically 18