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<br />The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuat- <br />ing society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering <br />research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use <br />for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the <br />Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal <br />government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president <br />of the National Academy of Sciences. <br />The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the <br />charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organiza!ion of <br />outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection <br />of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility <br />for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also <br />sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages <br />education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. <br />Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. <br />The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National <br />Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate <br />professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the <br />public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy <br />of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government <br />and, upon its OM! initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and <br />education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine. <br />The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy <br />of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology <br />with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal <br />government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the <br />Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the <br />National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in <br />providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering <br />communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the <br />Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are <br />chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council. <br /> <br />