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<br />New mapping technologies made possih~lYft~omputers have be~'b<ftka boon and a
<br />challenge to FEMA. A national mapping pro~ built on manual techpi"qnes could be /;;i/
<br />converted to a digital format, with all the a~lated benefits. The cMversion must take place, /;i/
<br />however, within the real world of fiscal #straints. In the late 19S0-s: FEMA began producing ,/ /
<br />digital FIRMS (DFIRMs) using digitap,ii'se maps prepared by/r~tal or state governments or/o~r
<br />federal agen<i:ies. Because the flQ0<f!Iiazard information i~~glstered to the community's~, the
<br />community Jan use the data f\lr/a/v~l~of GIS appli~li6ns, including automated tl,09d~ione
<br />determinati1!ns, and evacl!ll!'w6 planning~lll)1W. Even if the community ~;1i.~t ha~~GIS
<br />capabilitie~ FEMA ,~\lces DFIRMs using'USCS digital line graphs wh.e~~iS(;ost effect!'i~!o /~
<br />do so. DE1RMs ar?Wrlzontally controlled to represent "real world" loca~n; and most are m, ", //'
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<br />irrl(~Q-3 flood data product is the latest step in the evolJrtr~ ofNFIP mapping produ,9'j>/
<br />,. mated flood-risk data is suitable for making "out"~ttrminations with a 250-footbtiffer
<br />~e data contain no BFEs and are not presently c~idered to be a substitute f~/legal
<br />document-the FIRM. The Q-3 flood data pr9d')iCt is designed to support plailn'ing
<br />iti"s,~mt community rating system activi9,eS:~r;surance marketing, mort~a~lportfolio
<br />/ @ro:l:post;d~aster response and recov~/1t is being distributed on crr,ROM and will
<br />rr-e-availillJie over'tlieInt(lmet at FEM,<<',.s-"World Wide Web site. /<1/ /~
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<br />8.<> t new NFIP product iS~:Lette(~Determination Revi~w1(g~~). If a lender /<<~I/
<br />~Z~ft:~nes that a mortgaged structure ii focated in an SFHA M.tlie NFIP map, and the borrower/,/">,
<br />disputes the lender's determination, FEMA-~~ th~.(mding at the joint request of the/-;,;I/ "'>
<br />So borrower and lender. The LODR eitVd overturns ih'e~~'s finding, upholds it, or lea~S:ir' "
<br />ZONE 'bnchanged because insufficient info!1iiation was providea>v\ LODR considers only ~/
<br />hori~ontallocation.ofthe structure/ilative.to the SFHA sh'o~ on the NFIP ma~y;J1-&;es not
<br />conSider the elevatIOn ofthe structUre relative to the BFE., ", / /
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<br />Applr~Qble Legislation \\ \~'"~;>/
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<br />//' Congress passed the National FlooQ~surance Act oJ-Y%8 to deal with the escalating
<br />0,$ts to taxpayers ~ep,airing damage resulth1~from fl()..o4lng. The Act established the National
<br />/Flood Insurance yfogr~!,IP), now adminiSt~FEMA; and required that flood-prone
<br />///~eas be mapped,kd that ~surance be ma ij.V'ililable in communities that meet federally
<br />-i/ established fl\!<;>tIplain managenieDtr<<quiremen(S(The Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973
<br />---~----- made mand~{dry the purchase of fl~Od/~)lfj!rice for insurable structures within flood-prone areas
<br />as a.conditi~o! receipt. of federal 0:)~>9efally related financing. Flood insurance requireIIl_e,n!s:,::::::::;;:.:==-~;:-;
<br />part.lcularly as th~rtam to the ~75on(lary mortgage marke~, were strengt~e~':~~!itY;>Jhe.~::~:::::,'-
<br />NatIOnal Flood Insurlln~Refopn:Act (NFIRA) of 1994, which also esJabI~.tll€J'.echnicar
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<br />Mapping Advisory CounCi'L,;I/ ./;;;:::;:/<;:;:::://
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<br />Community Parti~pation /,;;<;;-:; .'
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<br />! i Participatio~}rith~Nflj>;~~j~~unity-by-community basis because the community
<br />--:::::::'':::::::has-th.:~IitYJ6le~~~::aevelopment. Participation in the NFIP is voluntary; however,
<br />some StaTes'requirt:::~parrlCipayOn..~al1:!16menLQftheiLfl_()odplain-management program.
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