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<br />\5,~ National GeodeticJ.urYIDI-lliGS) 1\
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<br />/;-;;;/ Thi~ffan~~/~~e mission oftheNationalG~~detic Survey (NGS), all-\kt of the , '1S0,,78~
<br />/~>National Oce~'ic1md Atmospheric A~!S~ati()l1.CNOAA), is to apply state-of-the~<:'rtl!ll$o~!'!:5,;:>/-...
<br />/-;>/ ofprecis~ positi\N?g a.nd ad\'.~(;.s:.~geoa.etic,plr~~.ric..@-d-r~Ill__<:J~~~Jecwqiies ',"
<br />/ / to establish and m~~m a cOI)SI~nt natIOnal coordmate systemlll)l~mllrlf1me boundlll'){ to "
<br />/ support mapping, c~~(ns,t('~ati?n, the infrastructure, e~vi.ronni~ntal resource manag~ment, /\\ \ZOfE
<br />and many related sC!JU!~ appli~atlOns. !o the sur:eyor, C1Vl~ en~lreer, carto~ap~er ~d,urb~<;/'o<,\,
<br />\ planner, the NGS-fyst'enhO{ precise coordmates (latitude, longltud~,i and elevatIOn) IS the '<::=:.:// 'o,,\
<br />\':~:" ~oundati~1'1~tfree-dime~l<!.nal me~sureme~ts. . NGS sets exactir~ standards, and develops (.0\'\
<br />\'\ mst~m91ts and technology fu,1'.practlcal applicatIOns. i i ) /
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<br />\'o,;;;:/ NGS has begun to apply~tional resources to stallgard;~etting, technology
<br />// development, and information !~ as NGS personnel steadily develop a stronger core
<br />//./ capability. The transition t~new pdS.itjoning technology will enable NGS to provide users:
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<br />/ . a smooth traJl8ifi{ln between the oce.iDJ and land interface for more accurate modeling of
<br />flOOd:~,~,1J1'ffi ~~~~s, and POllution~~ctOries;
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<br />inyf~ed accuracy o1'.h~drologic layers irt.~ographic information systems to improve
<br />m~l!;gement decision-~ll,!dng and mitigate n.iIt~al hazards, such as flooding; and
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<br />a sign1fl;c.ant increase in effu:~ncy and accuracY'9'f}-dimensional positioning for
<br />surveying\~d mapping appli~'tions. ,'i/\'.
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<br />NGS maintain,s...a network ofmor~th5lr050,OOO preciseSYlocated monumented reference
<br />points in the United sia\~, The ac(;,urae..iof1hese points varies bitt, on average, the points have a
<br />horizontal accuracy of ap~y5 centimeters. The referenci:~stem is being modernized
<br />to increase efficiency and facilitate access to the National Spatial Rel\~nce System network.
<br />Instead of relying on classical surveying techniques, much of the new ne'tw,()rk is based ol!.__/~- -_'
<br />satellite technology and uses the unexcelled accuracy ofthe Global Posifi\'l!lihg~~~~JBP~);",::::::-/
<br />When completed next year, the new network of spatialr.t;feren~:Plijil!S::WHI-1ie;Qn:theofder of 10
<br />to 100 times more a:c~rate th: t~(:;;~*:IJ:~;::'=-:C~::~::--'<<\
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<br />03 ,____/--~::-~Ng~~~Ji.ielfi~mental-in developing new technologies using G~(or aerial
<br />1-::.:::''::=c::ii!folO-Sl.lrveys,-or photogrammetry, to "map" large-scale land areas and features on fu.ll.Earth's
<br />[:::-.-/ surface. These techniques increase productivity in aerial mapping. The combinationof{ll1
<br />accurate reference system and increased mapping efficiency will better support GIS appli.~tions
<br />used in making decisions about flood insurance rates, '\
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<br />The NGS's accurate national reference network and GPS photogrammetry provide a'<>\
<br />universal set of coordinates across city, county, or state lines. Federally sanctioned coordinates \'\
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<br />have legal stature, which is important to users who may become involved in liability or related . \
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<br />litigation in which positioning is an issue. The same dynamics apply in writing flood insurance ' , ,
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<br />-a task that also requires a foundation of accurate coordinates. 'o'
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