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<br />22-gage clips. Mortar that collects on the wall tie is the main factor that <br />affects the load transfer capacity. Figure 27c shows that the load transfer <br />increases drastically if mortar has caught on the wall clip between the studs <br />and the brick wall. The load transfer, because of mortar, may be at least as <br />high as 750 lb. The amount of mortar on a clip varies from none to a consid- <br />erable amount. At first, it seems that the individual load deflection curves <br />must be known for a wide variation in wall clip and mortar restraint. Fortu- <br />nately, this is not the case because, for reasonable water loads, the required <br />load transfer is much lower than the maximum. In fact, it is within a range <br />where the slope of all curves is very similar and one relationship will rea- <br />sonably represent the load transfer relation. <br />The restraint of the stud connection to the baseplate is shown in Fig- <br />ure 28. The setup used in testing this connection is shown in Figure 29. The <br />above knowledge of material properties and restraint conditions allowed a <br />solution by the finite element method. <br />Analytical results <br />Since the wall tie restraints cannot be estimated, a comparison of exper- <br />imental results (restrained by wall ties) and analytical results (without wall <br />tie restraint) are presented in Figure 30. This comparison shows that analy- <br />tical solutions are very promising. The deflections given by the analytical <br />solution are somewhat greater than those from the experimental results, as <br />would be expected. Since Wall 1 did not have roof rafters and ceiling joist <br />restraints, the wall tie loads are not large relative to the water loading; <br />therfore, the above comparison should be close. <br /> <br />Experimental Results <br /> <br />Flood proofing individual homes is an important aspect of the total <br />solution of flood damage reduction. This part gives insight into the struc- <br />tural resistance of brick-veneer and concrete-block walls subjected to hydro- <br />static water loading. Useful information was obtained from the experimental <br />data and the experimental results were used to validate the analytical method <br />for brick-veneer Wall 1. <br />Brick-veneer Wall 1 was typical <br />rafter or ceiling joist restraints). <br />the wall followed a smooth variation. <br /> <br />of the end wall of a house (no roof <br />The deflections at specific points on <br />After about 2 ft of water, the wall <br /> <br />16 <br />