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<br />I. PROGRAM SlJNtAR!' <br /> <br />'!he computer program FLlNIAL-12 is formulated and developed for water <br />and sediment routing in natural and man-made channels. The h}'draulics of <br />flow, sediment transport and the associated river channel changes are simu- <br />lated for a given flow period. <br /> <br />River channels changes simulated by the IIIOdel include channel bed scour <br />and fill (or aggradation and degradation), width variation, and changes in <br />bed topography induced by the curvature effect. '!hese inter-related changes <br />are coupled in the model for each time step. While this model is for erodi- <br />ble channels, physical constraints, such as bank protection, grade-control <br />structures and bedrock outcroppings, may also be specified. Applications of <br />this model include evaluations of general scour at bridge crossings, sedi- <br />ment delivery, channel responses to sand and gravel mining, channelization, <br />etc. It has been applied to many designs for bank protection and grade- <br />control structures which must extended below the potential channel bed scour <br />and withstand the design flood. <br /> <br />'ltlis model is applicable to ephemeral rivers as well as rivers with <br />long-term flow1 it has also been tested and calibrated wi th field data frClll <br />several rivers, in both sani-arid and humid regions. Because of the tran- <br />sient behavior in dynamic changes, ephemeral rivers require more complicated <br />techniques in IIlOdel formulation. This model may be used on any main frame <br />caRplter; it may be used on a personal caRplter with adequate capacity, such <br />as an IEM-PC-AT or -XT. <br /> <br />Developnent of the E'UJVIAL computer model dates back to 1972. Several <br />plblications describing the physical foundation, analytical background, and <br />applications are included in this manual. Publications docunenting the <br />successi ve stages of developnent of the model are listed in the following: <br /> <br />1. Chang, H. H., "Flood Plain Sedimentation and Erosion, Phase III," Dept. <br />of Sanitation and Flood Control, Public Works Agency, COunty of San <br />Diego, January, 1974, 78 pp. <br /> <br />2. Chang, H. H., "Flood Plain Sedimentation and Erosion, Phase VI," Dept. <br /> <br />1 <br />