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which devastated parts of the Hawaiian Islands. Afterwards, scientists pointed our that the tsunami could have been forecast on the basis of the seismic waves recorded in Hawaii and at other seismic observatories within minutes of the earth- quake and hours before the tsunami struck. There are now 22 seismic observatories and 53 tide stations in the TWS covering the Pacific Basin. The first test of the TWS came in connection with the September 1948 Tonga Islands earth- quake. A travel time of 6 hours and 35 minutes was predicted for the wave to move from the epicenter to Honolulu, and military and civilian agencies were alerted. Because the wave turned out to be small, the alert was canceled. The first major tsunami in the Pacific for which advance warning saved lives was in connection with the November 1952 Kamchatka earthquake. Since the system's inception, warnings have been given in connection with great earthquakes - such as the May 1960 Chilean earthquake and the March 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska, earthquake. TWS has substantially reduced social and eco- nomic dislocations from tsunamis. The Strong Motion Array in Taiwan (SMART-l) In 1978, an international workshop was held on capturing strong ground motion records near the faults generating earthquakes of magnitude 7 and above. Following the workshop, the region near Lotung, Taiwan, was made available for a cooper- ative experiment on a spatial scale not attempted before. An array of digital strong motion instru- ments consisting of a central installation and 36 stations located on three concentric rings of radii 200 meters, I kilometer, and 2 kilometers was installed. The array has recorded more than 40 earthquakes having significant ground motions. These data constitute a large percentage of the worldwide strong ground motion array data base. They provide a technical base for resolving such practical engineering design problems as the variability of the earthquake ground motion over short distances comparable to the base dimen- sions of engineered structures and frequency- dependent seismic wave attenuation. 17 UNESCO Landslide Project The UNESCO project Protection of the Litho- sphere as a Component of the Environment is an example of an international effort to cope with landslide hazards. This project, which lasted from 1981 to 1984, was administered by the Soviet Union, with cooperation by landslide experts from China, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and several developing nations. It resulted in significant multinational landslide research and mitigation. The project sponsored international workshops and seminars and pub- lished research and mitigation studies that have proven significant in landslide hazard reduction. Morava River Project From 1974 to 1976, engineers from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) and the U.S. Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Cen- ter conducted a successful technology transfer of digital computer models from the United States to Yugoslavia. Funded by the United Nations Devel- opment Programme, the transfer involved training Yugoslav engineers at UCLA in the use of 22 hydrologic, hydraulic, and geomorphologic mod- els. These models were installed on computers in Belgrade and tested on the Morava River, a tributary of the Danube, for their usefulness in predicting floods and anticipating sediment trans- port. Frequent flooding had long plagued commu- nities along the Morava and siltation had threat- ened to fill local reservoirs. The models have significantly upgraded flood control planning along the Morava. United States/Japan Cooperative Earthquake Engineering Program The United States/Japan Cooperative Research Program on Earthquake Engineering Utilizing Large-Scale Test Facilities recently completed a closely coordinated study involving complex static and dynamic tests on a seven-story rein- forced concrete building and a six-story steel building. New understanding gained here of the inelastic response of buildings to strong motions has led to several improvements for possible incorporation into building codes worldwide.