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<br />The spacing and spacing pattern, roundness, and shape of streambed <br /> <br />particles also may be important factors in the flow resistance of bed <br /> <br />particles. Intuitively, smoother particles create less turbulence than <br /> <br />more angular particles. Although these characteristics may be important, <br /> <br />there have been no known attempts to incorporate these factors in quanti- <br /> <br />tative studies of the flow in natural channels. This is probably due to <br />the extreme complexity of developing a quantitative method to analyze <br />these factors and to keep other variables such as depth, bed-material <br />size, slope, and velocity constant. A prel iminary analysis did not <br /> <br />reveal a quantitative method for including the roundness or shape of <br /> <br />particles in equation 10. This probably was because changes in round- <br />ness are small compared to the overall variation of roughness with slope <br /> <br />and depth of flow. <br /> <br />I <br /> <br /> <br />Another source of error is associated with the assumption of the <br /> <br /> <br />logarithmic vertical-velocity distribution. This is discussed in the <br /> <br /> <br />section on "Vertical-Velocity Distribution." <br /> <br />3f <br />