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<br />Flexible revetment or bed anoor <br /> <br />Dumped rock riprap, roc:{-and-wire mattress, gabion, car body, planted <br /> <br />vegetation, precast c.mcrete block, willow mattress <br /> <br />Rigid revetment or bed armor <br /> <br />Concrete pavement, sack,!d concrete J concrete-grouted riprap J concrete- <br /> <br />filled fabric mat, buLkhead, soil cement <br /> <br />Flow-control structures <br /> <br />Spur, retard, dike, spur dike, check dam, jack field <br /> <br />Special devices for protecti'Jn of piers <br /> <br />Drift deflector, abrasi'Jn armor at pier nose <br /> <br />Modifications of bridge, approach roadway, or channel <br /> <br />Underpinning or jacketing of pier, construction of overflow section on <br /> <br />roadway, realignment Jf approach channel <br /> <br />Measures incorporated into design of bridge <br /> <br />Increased bridge length, fewer or no piers in channel, reduced skewness, <br /> <br />more efficient pier shape, allowance for overtopping. <br /> <br />The purpose of revetment is to provide an erosion-resistant surface for a bank <br /> <br />or embankment and bed. Flexible revetment has the property of conforming to <br /> <br />minor changes (brought about by subsidence, slump failure, and translational <br /> <br />slide) of the underlying surface, usually without being seriously damaged. <br /> <br />Rigid revetment does not conform to such changes, and thus may fail because of <br /> <br />lack of foundation support. <br /> <br />As defined in thi's discussion, riprap refers to a layer or facing of broken <br /> <br />rock or concrete, dumped or placed to protect a structure or embankment from <br /> <br />erosionj it also refers to the broken rock or concrete suitable for such use. <br />