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<br />Stream Channel Erosion Protection at Roadway Crossings <br /> <br />INTRODUCTION <br /> <br />The following discussion relates to the importance of geomorphic and hydraulic <br /> <br />factors to the design of bank protection measures and the bridge structures. <br /> <br />Typical flow and channel characteristics and the effects of bridges and bank <br /> <br />protection measures on the channel at selected sites are also presented. <br /> <br />Procedures that may be used in the design of protective measures and their <br /> <br />limitations are then described. Sufficient information is not yet available <br /> <br />however. to give exact procedures for estimating bank protection requirements <br /> <br />that will perform as intended for all sites and all flow conditions. As a <br /> <br />result, bank protection designs should consider local conditions as much as <br /> <br />possible and the possible impact of future channel changes at the site. <br /> <br />Role of Geomorphic and Flow Factcrs <br /> <br />in Bank Protection and Bridge Design <br /> <br />Much of the following material has been abstracted from publications by Brice <br /> <br />and Blodgett (1976). A more detailed discussion of the hydraulic concepts and <br /> <br />supporting data are included in this publication. The complete citation is <br /> <br />given in the list of selectee publications. Figure and table numbers are <br /> <br />those given in the original publication and only those that are pertinent to <br /> <br />the discussion are included. <br /> <br />The design of bridge and char.nel erosion protection measures to prevent damage <br /> <br />from streamflow requires assessment of certain factors, here called bridge, <br /> <br />geomorphic and flow factors, that characterize the site. The impo~tance of <br />