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<br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />, I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />1. Safeguard human health and life, <br />2. Maintain and improve aesthetics of water bodies, <br />3. Protect biota--flora and fauna, <br />4. Protect and enhance the market value of real property, <br />5. Assure that local governments and agencies qualify for funding under <br />various federal and state programs, and <br />6. Avoid possible fines and imprisonment associated with water-law violations. <br /> <br />Entries provided by several respondents included the "protection and enhance- <br />ment of both sport and commercial fishing", and "reduction of economic losses". <br /> <br />Stormwater Management--a Profile <br /> <br />Various components of stormwater management are identified and highlighted in <br />this report. These include "physical" control of precipitation and runoff, main- <br />tenance and construction activities, and the administrative tasks that befall a <br />stormwater management agency. <br /> <br />Handling What Comes Down <br /> <br />The physical management of runoff may include capturing, collecting, transport- <br />ing, storing, using, and disposing of excess runoff. Usually, this is accomplished <br />best by a combination of on-site control of runoff, in-stream control of runoff, <br />and using runoff beneficially. Basically, a stormwater management system has <br />three major components: the "surface runoff" component which is the initial runoff <br />guidance system, the "transport" component which collects and transports stormwater <br />runoff; and t7'I;'receiving water" component which serves as the means of disposing <br />of the runoff . Both man-made works and natural features of the earth are repre- <br />sented in each component as shown in Figure I, "Urban Stormwater System Components". <br /> <br />System Components <br /> <br />(1) Surface Runoff <br /> <br />(2) Transport <br /> <br />(3) Receiving Water <br /> <br />A. Natural: <br />Overland flow <br />B. Man-made: <br />Improved Lots <br />Buildings <br />Streets, Alleys, etc. <br />Parking Lots <br /> <br />A. Natural: <br />Ditches, Creeks, etc. <br />B. Man-made: <br />Streets <br />Ditches <br />Channels <br />Storm sewers <br /> <br />A. Streams, Rivers <br />Ponds, Lakes <br />Marshes <br />Estuaries <br />Oceans <br />Aquifers <br /> <br />FIGURE 1, Urban Stormwater System Components <br />L. Scott Tucker, 1975, (Reference 1) <br /> <br />Stormwater management may some day be expanded to include weather modification <br />in an effort to influence the quantities and~atterns of local thunderstorms. Al- <br />though some research findings are available { concerning this subj ect, the art of <br />weather modification is not well developed. <br /> <br />On-Site Control. Capturing and temporarily storing excess runoff at or <br />near the place where the raindrops fall is usually an effective and economical means <br />of controlling peak runoff flows. The stored stormwater can be released at regu- <br />lated flows that do not exceed the capacities of downstream drainage facilities and <br />receiving streams. Such detention storage can be accomplished in ponds and basins <br /> <br />39 <br />