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<br />VI. GLOSSARY <br /> <br />Bank Protection. Placement of revetment or other armor to stabrl Ize a stream bank against <br />erosion or use of a river training structure designed to deflect the hydraulic <br />erosive forces away from a streambank. <br /> <br />Bulkhead. <br /> <br />A vertical or nearly vertical structure supporting a natural or artificial <br /> <br />embankment. <br /> <br />Crib. An open-frame structure filled with earth or stone ballast designed to ebsorb <br />energy and to deflect hydraulic currents away from a streambank. <br /> <br />Cross Section. <br />material, <br /> <br />A vertical section (prof I Ie) of the surface, the ground, and/or underlying <br />which provides a side view of the structure. <br /> <br />Cut Bank. The concave wa II of a meander J og stream that Is ma I nta I oed as a steep or <br />overhanging cliff by the Impinging streamflow against Its base. <br /> <br />Dike (5111. Qrofn. spur. ietty>. A river trainIng aid constructed of earth, wood, or <br />stone, designed to deflect erosive currents away from a bank and to control movement <br />of bed material. <br /> <br />Erosion. The wearing away of land by the action of natural forces. On a beach, the <br />carrying away of beach material by wave action, tidal currents, littoral currents, or <br />wind. <br /> <br />Fence. A rIver training structure normally consisting of mesh attached to a series of <br />posts often In double rows; the Interstitial space batween the rows may be filled <br />with roc~, brush, or other locally available materials. <br /> <br />Filter. Layer of sand, evenly graded rock, or cloth, plaCed between the bank armor and <br />soil for one or more of three purposes: to prevent the soil from coming through the <br />armor by extrusion or erosion, to prevent the armor from sinking Into the soil, and <br />to permit natural seepage from the streambank to occur and thus prevent buIldup of <br />excessive hydrostatic pressure. <br /> <br />Impermeable. Not permitting passage of water. <br /> <br />Lower Bank. That portion of a streambank having an elevation less than the mean water <br />level of the stream. <br /> <br />Or~anfc Mixtures and Mulches. Any of a number of organic agents (e.g., petrOChemicals or <br />vegetative matter) used to stabilize a streambank against erosion by affording <br />permanent protection or temporary protection and nutrients for the establ ishment of <br />vegetation. These agents, which may be In the form of liquids, emulsions, or <br />slurries, are normally appl led by means of mechanical broadcasters. <br /> <br />Permit. A document Issued by the Department of the Army expressing the assent of the <br />Federal Government, so far as concerned the pUblic rights of navigation and the <br /> <br />31 <br />