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<br />. <br /> <br />of it was treated (APWA, 1969). <br /> <br /> <br />For the past 40 years most cities and towns have required <br /> <br /> <br />that all new buildings be provided with separate sewer systems, <br /> <br /> <br />one for sanitary wastes and one for storm drainage. Nevertheless, <br /> <br /> <br />quite a few of the older and larger cities in the nation still <br /> <br /> <br />have combined sewers. Generally, it is the larger, older urban <br /> <br /> <br />areas that have the greatest proportion of combined sewers. <br /> <br /> <br />Combined sewer overflows constitute a serious pollutional load <br /> <br /> <br />and many research studies have been made regarding methods to <br /> <br /> <br />correct the problem. <br /> <br /> <br />The studies on combined sewer overflows are not directly <br /> <br /> <br />applicable to the analysis of pollutional characteristics of <br /> <br /> <br />separate storm sewers, but in an indirect way, they provide in- <br /> <br /> <br />sights to the overall stormwater disposal problem. <br /> <br />II. Stormwater Pollution Studies <br /> <br /> <br />With the acceptance of the concept of separate sewers for <br /> <br /> <br />stormwater and sanitary wastes, the general attitude was that <br /> <br /> <br />stormwaters did not cause significant pollution of receiving <br /> <br /> <br />streams. For this reason, most of the pollution control efforts <br /> <br /> <br />were centered on sanitary sewage and industrial wastes. In the <br /> <br /> <br />early 1960's, the significance of stormwater pollution was <br /> <br /> <br />questioned (Sylvester, 1960; Weibel, Anderson and Woodward, <br /> <br /> <br />1964) and an in-depth U.S. Public Health Service study was <br /> <br /> <br />published (EPA, 1974). The Water Quality Act of 1965 was the <br /> <br /> <br />first legislative recognition of the problem. This was followed <br /> <br />5 <br /> <br />.. <br />