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<br />I <br />I. <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />Ie <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />~ <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />TYPES OF DAMAGE <br /> <br />Approximately five different empirical flood damage categories <br />have been described. (Breaden, 1973, Grigg & Helweg) <br /> <br />DIRECT DAMAGE <br />The most commonly reported in newspapers immediately after a flood <br /> <br />event, and the easiest to get a firm handle on, and probably the most <br /> <br />accurate are the direct damages. Direct damages occur to structures and <br /> <br /> <br />their contents, roads, bridges, utilities and associated facilities. The <br /> <br /> <br />amount of direct damage to walled and roofed structures and contents <br /> <br /> <br />within is related to size, value, and generally to the depth of flooding. <br /> <br /> <br />Flood insura~ce payment claims are for direct damages, but later, the types <br /> <br /> <br />of direct damages that are not covered under the Standard Flood Insurance <br /> <br />Policy will be described. There is a great deal of information available <br /> <br /> <br />for estimating damages to residential property, but relatively little for <br /> <br /> <br />estimating damages to commercial and industrial properties. (Grigg & <br /> <br /> <br />Helweg, 1975) The main thrust in this paper will be an in-depth analysis <br /> <br /> <br />of the methods being used, both nationwide and in the Denver area for esti- <br /> <br />mating damages to residential, commercial, and industrial properties. <br /> <br />Depth-damage curves will be presented for various types of residential, <br /> <br />commercial, and industrial properties. An attempt will be made to relate <br /> <br /> <br />damage to building area, building value, and building type for various <br /> <br /> <br />depths of flood waters. Curves will also be presented for various types <br /> <br /> <br />of structure contents. Damages to roads, bridges, utilities, etc. will <br /> <br />not be covered, <br /> <br />5 <br />