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I I. I I I I I I I Ie I II i I I I I Ie I I Agriculture (a) Crop (b) Non-crop (c) Total Flood Plain 4.8% 16,0% 6.5% Secondary damages or secondary economic losses include the adverse affects to those that rely on output produced by damaged property or are affected by impaired services. (Breaden, 1973). Secondary losses in- cluded in the U,S.A.C.E. estimates (1967) included: loss of tourist in- come, loss of State and Federal tax revenues in income tax. on a reduced property tax base and casualty loss adjustments; and estimated additional burdens on the regional economy imposed by the interest payments on dis- aster loans granted by the Small Business Administration. The secondary damages amounted to $93,626,000 in 1965 dollars as a result of the June, 1965 flooding in the South Platte River Basin, Colorado and Nebraska, (U.S.A.C,E., 1967). Normally, secondary damages tend to be offset by secondary benefits and are not included in damage estimates, (Grigg & Helweg,1975) Intangible damages include damages to environmental quality, social well being and aesthethc values, Intangible damages may occur from loss of life. Also, labor involved in clean-up and the restoration of pre- flood systems often takes place under conditions that are often unpleasant and requires effort not reflected in regular wage rates. (Kates, 1965) While it currently is not possible to assign monetary estimates to intang- ible damages, they should be considered when evaluating proposed projects or courses of action. Uncertainty damages may be calculated as the amount in excess of the expected value of the damages that individuals are willing to pay to avoid a flood loss pattern, (Bread en , 1973) 7 ~