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Templeton Gap Lower Tributary, and portions of Dry Creek. Streams affecting the county where this has occurred are Sand Creek, Spring Creek, Peterson Field Drainage, and portions of Dry Creek. The middle and upper portions of Cottonwood Creek in Colorado Springs have undergone channel improvements consisting of channel widening, riprap channel banks, and levee systems. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in cooperation with communities within EI Paso County, has established a Flash Flood Warning System consisting of observers and automatic alarm systems (Reference 15). In the EI Paso County Land Development Code, there is a zoning regulation (IV-Section 32. 1980) restricting the construction of structures in the delineated floodplains. The floodplain districts restrict land use to agriculture, grazing, recreation, and parking areas. Beginning in late 1939, as an aftermath of the destructive May 1935 flood, the City of Colorado Springs sponsored flood-control work that eventually provided 2.6 miles of continuous improved channei on Monument Creek and guide levees at the Templeton Gap outlet. The improved channel's original design capacity of 50.000 cfs has been reduced because of changes in the stream's regimen. Local interests have constructed a 0.5-mile-iong concrete retammg wall to stabilize the Fountain Creek south bank as it extends upstream from the Nevada Avenue bridge. Downstream from this bridge. several smaH levees provide minimal protection to privately owned properties. The ci ty has purchased the land along Monument Creek to prevent development and has established the Monument VaHey Park. Located between Filmore Street and Colorado Avenue. the park occupies a considerable portion of the floodplain in this area. A portion of Monument Creek south of Woodman Road has been channelized. This improvement has considerably reduced the extent of the IOO-year flooding in this area. The flood-carrying capacity of the streams in the City of Manitou Springs has been increased through channelization in many areas. For this to be an effective flood protection measure, the entire stream length in f1oodprone areas must be channelized to the extent necessary to carry low-frequency flows. Because this is not the case in Manitou Springs, the channelization that exists is not sufficient to protect the city from floods of the selected recurrence intervals in all areas. Manitou Springs has enacted ordinances that are directed at the reduction of flood hazard. These ordinances specify that drainage be designed to reduce exposure to flood hazard and not to subject other property to flood hazard, and that new construction be reasonably safe from flooding. The city also requires that new and replacement water-supply and sanitary sewage systems be designed to minimize or eiiminate infiltration of floodwaters. There are no structurai means of flood protection, such as dams or levees, in the city. 18