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<br />CHAPTER 5. OUTLET CAPACITIES <br /> <br />Outlets and gates provided at reservoirs should be adequate to <br /> <br /> <br />perform the services for which the reservoir is to be operated. These <br /> <br />should include routine operation requirements, potential changes in <br /> <br />operation functions and objectives, and requirements for project <br /> <br />servicing and safety. In the last category are emergency gates for <br />closing outlets for repairs to the main service gates, and gates which <br />provide outlet capacity near the bottom of the reservoir to drain the <br />reservoir to the extent necessary for emergency repairs. <br /> <br />The outlet capacity usable for functional operation purposes is <br />that which can reasonably be depended upon when needed. It must be <br />ascertained that gates can be operated safely at partial or full opening, <br />as might be necessary, under all hydraulic heads that can prevail. If <br />the discharge capacity of hydroelectric turbines is to be counted upon <br />for other purposes, it is necessary that they be operable when needed, <br />regardless of variations in power load. <br />The discharge capacity of outlets is computed in accordance \/ith <br />the general equation: <br />Q = CAH1/2 <br /> <br />where: <br /> <br />Q = discharge rate <br />-C = coefficient of discharge and unit conversion <br /> <br />A = cross-sectional area <br /> <br />H = vertical distance from static water level to centroid <br />of A or to downstream tailwater, if higher <br /> <br />5-01 <br />