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.- .--:....---^.........--- ::::/ Altera#on of site topog- raphy should include measures to control water runoff. Slopes can be pr0- tected hy using ground cover, retaining wails, ter- races, and channels to di- rect the flow of water. Even when buildings are above flood levels, tbe im- proper loca#on of streets can result in blocked ac- cess routes and damage to vehicles. 58 --- ~=--~ ~:~-- ._-~~~~ parts of the site, leaving the more vulnerable areas open (See box) This approach not only reduces direct flood damage but also allows greater flexibility in protecting the natural features on the site and controlling water runoff Large open areas can be used in a number of ways, depending on the nature of the project They can be retained as agricultural or conservation preserves or developed as low-intensity recreation areas Smaller parcels also have conservation and recreation potentiaL and can be effective buffers berween conflicting land uses. With any of these uses, open space can serve as an amenity that enhances the value of developed property. Another alternative is to develop open areas as parking or temporary storage for transportable goods. Restructuring Tbpography. On some sites it may be possible to use fill material-from either on-site or off- site-to create locations for buildings that are above the base flood elevation and meet other development criteria. This method would be aimed at the same objectives as described above, only being used where it will not in- crease flood levels due to displacement Site restructuring also can be used to improve drainage and control runoff Special consideration should be given to soil condi- tions and slope stability, as well as flood water velocities and duration, to ensure that erosion does not add to flooding problems and endanger the structural integrity , ~~ / ' Philip Schnudt, Department of Housing and Urban Development