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<br />,;'--~ <br /> <br />The coordinated use of the full range of strategies is <br />essential to achieving a significant reduction in flood <br />losses. Following is a brief review of the nonstructural <br />methods that have emerged in recent years. <br /> <br />Land-Use Planning and Management <br />The principal nonstructural strategy for reducing flood <br />damage is to effect better use ohvater and land resources. <br />This goal is achieved through comprehensive planning <br />for and management of these resources throughout river- <br />ine watersheds and coastal environs. <br />Planning and management, as a strategy to reduce <br />flood damage, addresses the critical need to better inte- <br />grate the natural and built environments. This approach <br />to the problems of flooding is based on the knowledge <br />that, while floods cannot and should not be totally elimi- <br />nated, the built environment can nevertheless be success- <br />fully developed if it respects the natural system. <br />Planning and management, in practice, are based on <br />compiling technical data on topography, drainage, soil <br />composition, climate, and other natural characteristics <br />and analyzing it in light of the physical, socia~ and eco- <br />nomic aspects of the built environment This analysis is <br />then used to determine appropriate locations for both the <br />encouragement and prohibition of building. Implementa- <br />tion then relies on regulations, such as zoning ordinances, <br />subdivision regulations, and health and building codes, or <br />on incentives that induce positive development practices. <br />Floodplai n management objectives can also be realized in <br />conjunction with programs for urban revitalization and <br />preservation, or through land acquisition by public bodies <br />to control development <br /> <br />Urban Rednelopment and PreseM'lltion <br />Renewal of the nation's cities is by its nature a continuous <br />process. It offers the opportunity to rectify many of the <br />earlier development practices that have contributed to <br />flood damage. In some cases land that is particularly vul- <br />nerable to flooding can be cleared by "down-zoning" it to <br />open space uses. In many cases, however; economic con- <br />straints or the historical significance of a building or dis- <br />trict can make this impossible. <br />When renewal is to occur, design and development <br />can make use of site design and floodproofing strategies <br />to lessen the impact of flooding. Obviously, there is more <br />latitude when working with a cleared site, but these strat- <br />egies can also be applied to existing buildings. <br />Historical preservation is often a high priority in re- <br />habilitation Schemes to preserve important cultural arti- <br />facts require careful and creative use of damage reduction <br />strategies to make a building safer from flood damage <br />while respecting the integrity of the original design <br /> <br /> <br />Structural <br /> <br />Aood control <br />.Dams&reser\lQJrs <br />. Levees&seawalls <br />. Charmelll'Tlprovements <br /> <br /> <br />Nonstructural <br /> <br />Compref1enlillve floodpleln <br />mlnlgement <br />. Land-use planning <br />. Urbanredevelopment& <br />preS8r\1allOn <br />. Land acql..islllonIn f1oodpla.n <br />areas <br />.Floodproo1lng <br />. Forecast,ng.warning& <br />emergency preparedness <br />.Post-disasterrelief& <br />rBharnlilatio~ <br /> <br />The floodplain planning <br />process allows careful con- <br />sideration of the various is- <br />sues related to floods, re- <br />sulting in the regulation <br />and guidance of design <br />and development. <br /> <br /> <br />-:!]~ <br /> <br />Des'gnolthebulltenwonment <br /> <br />25 <br />