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<br /> Guidelines <br /> on <br /> Local Flood Varn1.ng and Response Systems <br /> Table of Contents <br /> ~ <br /> For_rd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i <br /> Preface . . . . . . . 11i <br />I. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 <br />II. Should Your C~ity Have a Local Flood Varning and Response System? <br /> A. Introduction . . . . . . . . 9 <br /> B. Evaluation of the Need for a Warning System. 10 <br /> 1. Hydrologic Characteristics of the Watershed . . . 10 <br /> 2. Frequency of Flooding . . 13 <br /> 3. Flood Loss Potential. . . . . . 16 <br /> 4. Warning Time as Related to Benefits . . . 18 <br /> 5. Expansion of Hydrologic Capabilities. . . . . 19 <br /> C. Selection of a Local Flood Warning System. . . . . . . 20 <br /> D. Need for a Response System . . 21 <br /> 1. Emergency Action Plans. . . . . . 22 <br /> 2. Training of Personnel . . . . . . 22 <br /> 3. Maintenance of the Response System. . . . . 22 <br /> 4. Community Interest and Awareness. . . . . 23 <br /> E. Selection of a Response System . . . . 23 <br />Ill. Local Flood Varn1.ng Systea <br /> A. Introduction . . . . . . 25 <br /> B. Types of Local Flood Warning Systems 25 '" <br /> . . . . . . <br /> C. Step 1 - Collect Data. . . 28 <br /> 1. Manual Systems. . . . . . . . . 29 <br /> 2. Automated Systems . . . 29 .. <br /> D. Step 2 - Transmit Data . . . . 32 <br /> E. Step 3 - Forecast the Flood. . 32 <br /> 1. Manual Data Collection. . . . 32 <br /> 2. Automated Data Collection and Processing Equipment. 34 <br /> 3. Flood Forecast Software . . . 35 <br /> F. Step 4 - Inform Local Officials. . . . . . . 36 <br /> G. Current Usage. . . . . . . . 36 <br /> 1. Manual Systems. . . . . . . 37 <br /> 2. Automated Systems . . . . 37 <br /> 3. ALERT . . . . . . . . . 39 <br /> 4. IFLOWS. . . 40 <br /> 5. Flash Flood Alarm Gages . . 40 <br />IV. C~ onf ty Response Systea <br /> A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . 43 <br /> B. Responsibility . . . . . . . 43 <br /> C. Step 5 - Warn Local Residents. . . . . . . 44 <br /> D. Step 6 - Evacuate. . . . . . 45 <br /> 1. Saving Lives. . . . . . . . . . 45 <br /> iv <br />