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<br />- <br /> <br />----- <br /> <br />--- <br /> <br />Energy grade line - An imaginary line representing the total energy of a stream. For <br />open-channel flow, the energy grade line is locat.:d a distance of y2/2g above <br />the water surface (Y = average velocity and g = .acceleration due to gravity). <br /> <br />Ephemeral stream - A streanl that flows only during or immediately after periods of <br />rainfall or snowmelt. <br /> <br />Equilibrium - A condition of stream systems in which slope, discharge, channel pattern, <br />channel morphoJollY , lmd sediment supply are balanced, <br /> <br />Erosion - removal of soil particles from the land surface due to water or wind action. <br /> <br />Erosion control matting - Fibrous matting (e.g. jute, paper, etc.) placed or sprayed on a <br />streambank for thc~ purpose of preventing erosion or providing temporary <br />stabilization until vegetation is established. <br /> <br />Fabridam - A dam constructr.d of fabric and rubher that can be inflated with air or water. <br /> <br />Failure - Collapse or slippalle of a large mass of bank material. <br /> <br />Fence. A streambank protl:ction lechnique consisting of wire mesh or timber attached <br />to a series of posts, sometimes in double rows; the space between the rows <br />may be filled with rock, brush, or other materials. Fences may be placed <br />either parallel to the bank or extended into the stream; in either case these <br />structures decreases the stream velocity and encourage sediment deposition <br />as the flow passes through the fence. <br /> <br />Fetch - lbe distance which waves have traveled in open water, from their point of origin <br />to the point where they break.. <br /> <br />Fetch length - The horizonlal distance (in the direction of the wind) over which wind <br />generates waves and wind setup. <br /> <br />Fill matuial - Soil that is pblc,od at a specified location to bring the ground surface up to <br />a desired elevation. <br /> <br />Filter - Layer of fabric, sand, gmvel, or graded rock placed, or developed naturally <br />where suitable in-place materials exist, between the bank revetment and soil <br />for one or more of three purposes: to prevent the soil from moving through <br />the revebnent by piping, extrusion, or erosion; to prevent the revebnent from <br />sinking into the soil; and to permit naturaI seepage from the streambank, thus <br />preventing buildup of excessive hydrostatic pressure. <br /> <br />Fish ladier - A fishway dr.signed to allow fish passage around or over a vertical <br />obstruction.s <br />Fishway - A structure designed to allow fish passage around, over, o:r through obstacles. <br /> <br />Fine plll1icles (or Fines) - Silt and clay palticles. <br /> <br />Coloraclo Erosion COntrol Manual <br /> <br />XVII <br />