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Flooding problems due to less frequent storms would, in certain cases, be aggravated by the development that has occurred in the flood plains and by the gradual changes in the shape of the stream channel. Development, such as along Lovell Gulch and the upper portion of Fountain Creek, has encroached onto the natural flood plain. Aggradation, such as along Fountain Creek at the County Road 21 crossing, will also change flooding patterns. The Town of Victor is shown on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), but has been identified as an area that is not prone to 100-year flooding. (See Section 3.0.) 2.4 Flood Protection Measures The City of Woodland Park has accepted a comprehensive drainage study prepared in 1979 (Reference 7) and has adopted drainage cri- teria following the pikes Peak Area Council of Covernments' runoff control manual (Reference 6). An improved local drainage system was installed in the early 1980s to reduce local flooding in the developed central area of the city. No other physical flood protection measures have been constructed by the city or county. The local drainage system within the city is regularly maintained to reduce sediment deposits that block culverts. In some cases, homeowners have built their own flood-protection measures. In the city, the owner of the property on the southeastern corner of the intersection of Pikes Peak Avenue and Park Street has constructed a 4-foot-high masonry wall around the perimeter of the lot to prevent recurrent flooding from Fountain Creek. In the county, a homeowner on Fountain Creek has constructed concrete retaining walls along the stream to prevent deterioration of his private road. 3.0 ENGINEERING METHODS For the flooding sources studied by detailed methods in the community, standard hydrologic and hydraulic study methods were used to determine the flood hazard data required for this study. Flood events of a magnitude which are expected to be equaled or exceeded once on the average during any 10-, 50-, 100-, or 500-year period (recurrence interval) have been selected as having special significance for flood plain management and for flood insurance rates. These events, commonly termed the 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year floods, have a 10, 2, 1, and 0.2 percent chance, respectively, of being equaled or exceeded during any year. Although the recurrence interval represents the long-term avera~e period between floods of a specific magnitude, rare floods could occur at short intervals or even within the same year. The risk of experiencing a rare flood increases when periods greater than 1 year are considered. For example, the risk of having a flood which equals or 7