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<br />, <br /> <br />II <br />1 <br /> <br />i.1 <br /> <br />communities should strongly encourage the owners of new construction and substantial <br />improvements to existing structures "ithin those areas to conform with V-Zone <br />construction standards. In addition, if areas shown as A-Zones on the current FIRMs are <br />determined to be subject to V-Zone forces, the BFEs shown for those areas are likely to <br />increase. Therefore, communities should also strongly encourage the owners of new <br />construction and substantial improvements to existing structures in such areas to construct <br />the lowest floors of their structures several feet above the BFEs shown on the current <br />FIRMs. <br /> <br />II <br /> <br />'! <br /> <br />. For all areas known to be subject to high-velocity wave action, strong currents, erosion, or <br />combinations thereof - regardless of flood zone designation - the embedment depths <br />specified for pile foundations should be sufficient to ensure that the foundation will <br />withstand anticipated erosion and storm forces. Foundations for masonry columns should <br />be designed to withstand all anticipated flood, erosion, debris, and wind forces. Shallow <br />footings should not be used to support masonry columns where the risk of undermining <br />exists. <br /> <br />. In areas subject to storm-induced erosion, regardless of the flood zone designation, any <br />slabs serving as floors for habitable spaces should be designed and constructed as <br />structural slabs, to "ithstand all anticipated erosion, scour, and storm forces, and attached <br />to sufficient foundation systems that do not rely on underlying soil for support. <br /> <br />. In areas subject to storm-induced erosion, regardless of the flood zone designation, slabs <br />used solely for parking should not be attached to structural members and should be <br />designed and constructed to break into small pieces in the event of undermining, thereby <br />minimizing potential transfer of flood loads to the structure. <br /> <br />. All materials should meet or exceed the minimum requirements for building materials in <br />the Standard Building Code and FEMA's Technical Bulletin 2-93, Flood-Resistant Materials <br />Require-mnltsfar Buildings Located in specialFlood Hawrd Areas (FEMA I993b). <br /> <br />. Repairs of damaged structures should be completed in accordance "ith applicable Federal, <br />State, and local codes and regulations and should be inspected to ensure conformance <br />with building codes and floodplain management requirements. <br /> <br />. Engineered plans signed and sealed by a registered design professional should be provided <br />for both new construction and substantial improvements to existing structures in areas <br />subject to coastal storm forces. Siting and construction in lOG-year coastal flood hazard <br />areas must meet (and, if possible, exceed) setback and elevation requirements. <br /> <br />This report includes photographs taken by the BrAT during the site visit. Also included are <br />engineering design drawings that prmide details which can be used to enhance building <br />performance under hurricane and coastal flood conditions. <br /> <br />HURRICANE OPAL IN FLORIDA <br /> <br />3 <br />