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<br />V. WATER SURFACE PROFILES THROUGH BRIDGE OPENINGS <br /> <br />A, Three types of flow may occur through a bridge opening (see ligure). <br /> <br />B. Type I flow is most common. <br /> <br />C. Theoretically, backwater should not occur for Type III since the flow <br />throughout is supercritical; however, an undulation of the water surface <br />typically occurs downstream of the constriction. A hydraulic jump may <br />occur at or upstream of the bridge. <br /> <br />NOTES: <br /> <br />3,26 <br />