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Last modified
11/23/2009 10:51:20 AM
Creation date
10/4/2006 9:32:59 PM
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Title
Determination of Channel Change for Selected Streams, Maricopa County, Arizona
Date
1/1/2002
Prepared For
Maricopa County Arizona
Prepared By
USGS
Floodplain - Doc Type
Educational/Technical/Reference Information
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<br />Determination of Channel Change for Selected <br />Streams, Maricopa County, Arizona <br /> <br />By Joseph P. Capesius andTed W. Lehman1 <br /> <br />Abstract <br /> <br />In Maricopa County, Arizona, 10 sites on seven streams were studied to determine the lateral <br />and vertical change of the channel. Channel change was studied over time scales ranging <br />from individual floods to decades using cross-section surveys, discharge measurements, changes <br />in the point of zero flow, and repeat photography. All of the channels showed some change in <br />cross-section area or hydraulic radius over the time scales studied, but the direction and mag- <br />nitude of change varied considerably from one flow, or series of flows, to another. The documen- <br />tation of cross-section geometry for streams in Maricopa County for long-term monitoring was <br />begun in this study. <br /> <br />INTRODUCTION <br /> <br />Stream channels in arid regions are subject to a <br />wide range of hydrologic, hydraulic, and sedimen- <br />tary conditions. Stream channels often are dry or <br />have little streamflow most of the time. The few <br />flows that do occur can cause substantial changes <br />to the channel and flood plain (Burkham, 1970; <br />Huckleberry, 1994). Floods in arid regions com- <br />monly can be four to five orders of magnitude <br />larger than low flows and can mobilize most of the <br />channel sediment for a period of time (Graf, 1988). <br />Determining channel conditions in arid regions <br />during floods is difficult because of the dynamic <br />nature of desert stream channels. Floods are often <br />flashy, and many gaging stations are in remote <br />areas; therefore, a variety of direct and indirect <br />methods must be utilized to determine channel <br />behavior during and between floods. <br />This study was done by the U.S. Geological <br />Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Flood <br />Control District of Maricopa County (FCDMC). <br /> <br />Purpose and Scope <br />The purpose of this study is to determine <br />channel change at or near 10 USGS streamflow- <br /> <br />gaging stations in and near Maricopa County, <br />Arizona. Channel changes were examined by <br />repeated cross-section measurements, point-of- <br />zero-flow changes, and repeat photography. An <br />examination of channel changes helps to evaluate <br />the accuracy of peak-discharge values determined <br />from indirect measurements of discharge, such as <br />slope area or slope conveyance. <br /> <br />Data from 10 sites that have 10 to 30 years of <br />record were analyzed (fig. I). Two sites are at <br />USGS crest-stage gaging stations-Tiger Wash <br />near Aguila and Waterman Wash near Buckeye. <br />Five sites are at continuous USGS streamflow- <br />gaging stations-Gila River at Estrella Parkway, <br />near Goodyear; Hassayampa River near <br />Morristown; Agua Fria River near Rock Springs; <br />Hassayampa River near Arlington; and Verde <br />River below Bartlett Dam. Two sites are at <br />continuous gaging stations operated by the <br />FCDMC-Hassayampa River at Box Canyon, near <br />Wickenburg, and Hassayampa River at U.S. <br />Highway 60, at Wickenburg. Both FCDMC sites <br />are discontinued USGS streamflow-gaging <br />stations. The fmal site, New River at New River, is <br />a discontinued USGS gaging station. <br /> <br />1 J.E. Fuller Hydrology and Geomorphology, 5235 S. Kyrene Road, Suite 205, Tempe, AZ 85283. <br /> <br />Introduction 1 <br />
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