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<br />e <br /> <br />Foreword to Second Printing <br /> <br />-. <br /> <br />More than 2,000 copies of the November, 1971, printing of <br />this Circular have been distributed to highway agencies. As a <br />result of comments received and further consideration of the <br />design procedures and culvert design philosophy by personnel in <br />the Hydraulics Branch, this second printing presents a more direct <br />approach to improved inlet design for culverts. The design <br />procedure in this printing is revised from that contained in the <br />original printing and pertinent design charts and tables from <br />Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 5, '~ydraulic Charts for <br />the Selection of Highway Culverts," have been incorporated in <br />order to eliminate the necessity for referring to that publica- <br />tion for design aids. Design charts, limitations, and information <br />as derived from the research reports remain unchanged and designs <br />prepared according to procedures described in the first printing <br />are valid. <br /> <br />e <br /> <br />The capacity of culverts on steep grades is controlled by <br />the inlet configuration and limitations on headwater depth. <br />Research (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) has provided the means for <br />reducing constraints imposed by inlet configurations. Procedures <br />described herein provide a technique for overcoming, at least <br />partially, constraints imposed by headwater limitations. There- <br />fore, culvert performance can be maximized or the design optimized <br />to fit site characteristics, design and cost considerations. The <br />resulting design can be termed a ''balanced'' design, or a design <br />in which full use is made of the selected culvert barrel and-inlet <br />configuration, site potential and economics. <br /> <br />-F <br /> <br />Many people have contributed to the development of this <br />Circular in its present form. Messrs. Lawrence J. Harrison and <br />Johnny L. Morris developed the original design procedures and <br />design charts. Most of the design nomographs were prepared by <br />Mr. Paul N. Zelensky of the Office of Research. Messrs. Jerome M. <br />Normann and Frank L. Johnson developed the revised design proce- <br />dures and culvert design philosophy. Mr. Mario Marques of the <br />Office of Development provided insight into the design process <br />through the use of an electronic computer. Others in Region 15 <br />and the Hydraulics Branch who contributed materially to the <br />Circular in its present form were Messrs. Charles L. O'Donnell, <br />Murray L. Corry, Dennis L. Richards, and Philip L. Thompson. <br /> <br />-.,. <br /> <br />e <br /> <br />xi <br />