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<br />implemented in flood-p~one areas, many communities ~ely on <br /> <br /> <br />structu~al tools such as dams, levees, and channels fo~ <br /> <br /> <br />flood p~otection when eithe~ the. value of existing <br /> <br /> <br />development is high o~ development p~essu~es a~e g~eat. <br /> <br /> <br />Local, nonst~uctu~al measu~es a~e presently ~equi~ed within <br /> <br /> <br />the flood plain, but few examples of extensive non- <br /> <br /> <br />st~uctu~al tool employment on fans exist. The political and <br /> <br /> <br />economic decisions made by communities to date have la~gely <br /> <br /> <br />dictated whole-fan tools. The ~easons fo~ such decisions <br /> <br /> <br />include: <br /> <br />. p~otection of existing structures, <br />. maximization of developable land, <br />. p~otection of landscape, st~eets and utilities, <br />. lower overall costs, and <br />. av~ilability of state and fede~al funding fo~ <br />st~uctu~al measu~es. <br /> <br />In cases whe~e <br />measu~es a~e not <br />necessa~y. <br /> <br />la~ge blocks <br />available, <br /> <br />of funding fo~ sttuctu~al <br />non-st~uctu~al measu~es a~e <br /> <br />Case studies and model studies indicate that whole-fan tools <br />a~e app~op~iate whe~e existing o~ p~ojected development <br />densities a~e high. Local measu~es (e.g.. local dikes, <br />st~eet alignment, elevation of st~uctu~es) appea~ to be most <br />app~op~iate when existing and projected development <br />densities a~e low o~ mode~ate. Flood cont~ol costs a~e <br />incu~~ed oVe~ the enti~e development pe~iod and can be <br />inco~po~ated into subdivision const~uction costs. <br /> <br />New St~uctu~es Within Existinq Development <br /> <br />When individual st~uctu~es <br />subdivisions, flood control <br />existing flood p~otection <br /> <br />a~e built within existing <br />tools must become part of the <br />systems. Whe~e no flood <br /> <br />95 <br />