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<br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />. <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />Other damages considered in the damage analysis include channel <br />damages which consist of the costs incurred in repairing the <br />channel after an extreme flood flow. Costs for these damages <br />have been determined through previous study and record of prior <br />floods and are based upon channel flows and velocities. <br /> <br />The third direct cost considered is the damage to street and <br />utility crossings. These are also related to past flooding <br />events and realistic approximations of repair costs associated <br />with rebuilding and repairing utilities at washed out street <br />crossings. <br /> <br />These damages represent tangible or direct damages which can <br />be expressed in monetary terms. Also considered in the damage <br />evaluation are indirect damages which result from flooding. <br />Damages of this type generally include the added expense of <br />daily living and operation during the flood or flooding situa- <br />tion over and above the normal costs of living during a normal <br />or nonflooded period. Examples include the extra costs of <br />following a detour a considerably longer distance than the nor- <br />mally traveled route, paying for a motel for an evening or two <br />when the house is not in liveable condition, the loss of addi- <br />tional profit and taxes in a commercial establishment which <br />cannot open for a day or two as a result of flooding and other <br />damages of this type. The Soil Conservation Service in their <br />publication, Economics Guide for Watershed Protection and Flood <br />Prevention, March, 1964, relates these 1nd1rect damages as <br />usually 10% - 15% of normal residential direct damage; 15% to <br />20% of commercial and industrial area direct damages, and 15% <br />to 20% of the direct utility damage. <br /> <br />Damages not recognized in this analysis include the intangible <br />type which have a real value in satisfying human needs and <br />desires but are not fully measureable in monetary terms. Also, <br />the increase in value to goods or property resulting from the <br />improvements has not been considered. Primary examples of these <br />items include loss of life, damage or benefit to the environment <br />and the psychological or socia10gica1 effects of changing the <br />existing norm. <br /> <br />With all damages approximated, the average annual damage was <br />computed and converted to a present worth of damages utilizing <br />a present worth factor obtained from interest tables. The <br />present worth factor used in this study was 13.801 which is <br />characteristic of an investment at 7% interest rate over a 50- <br />year period. The average annual damage and present worth of <br />damages are shown in Table V for the various reaches. These <br />damage cost figures theoretically represent the total economic <br />burden of the existing flood plain which is susceptible to the <br />full range of flooding resulting from a low frequency storm <br />event through the 100-year event. <br /> <br />V-2 <br />