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<br /> <br />Characteristics <br /> <br />Collapsing o!Ind settlIng salls have considerable strength .hen <br />dry and generally are not a problem to structures and <br />Improlloments. l'lhen they become ..et. they are subject to <br />rapid col lapse and can be reduced in volume as much as 10 to <br />15 percent. Surt"ce ground dlsplecement of several feet can <br />result. Similar processes frequently affect old landfills or <br />poorly placed earth fills. <br /> <br />Consequences <br /> <br />The large ground displacements caused by COllapSing salls eM <br />totally destroy roads and structures and alter surface <br />drainage. Minor c,.ecklng and distress may result as the <br />Improvements respond to sm,,11 adjustments In the ground <br />benellth them. <br /> <br /> <br />'. <br /> <br />.. <br /> <br />rlydrocompllctlon of sol Is clIused by a ruptured ..ater line In <br />Bou I der County. <br /> <br />42 <br /> <br />Aggravating Circumstances <br /> <br /> <br />:.lan's activities are definitely the ClIuse of most solis <br />collapsIng. These activItIes Include ..."tarlng gr"ss and <br />shrubs, tailing to repaIr lel!lklng water JInes In utilIty <br />trenches. Impounding "ater. blocking draInages by hlgh""YS, <br />[ooding excessive "eight upon collapsIble salls, and any <br />actIvity which increases subsurface moisture In sol Is prone <br />to collapse. <br /> <br />Man-made and/or man-placed materials freQuently are subject <br />to col lapse and settlement. The tl I I log of mined out areas, <br />natural depressIons and swamps .1th trash "nd debris 15 II <br />commOn practIce. Eventually the site Is put to another use. <br />Decomposition .and compaction at landfill dumps also can <br />result In generation of 8KplOSivQ methane and poisonous <br />hydrogen sulfIde gases, as wel I as pollution of subsurface <br />water with carbolic acid or other chemicals, These problems, <br />In addition to settlln~, occur despite compactIon during the <br />landfl It operation, <br /> <br />Damage to str uctures erected on I and f I Its I s common I f proper <br />construction methods are not used to counteract settt Ing and <br />other problems. Dangerous methane can seep Into basements and <br />crawl spaces and explode, demolIshing the structure. <br /> <br /> <br />'- <br /> <br />~ <br />~ <br /> <br />" <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />, <br /> <br />, ....". ,'u..:",'" '."",_ <br />~ . - - --..........'~....._' <br />-- -.. <br />-, - -.:>- '-' .--::-:.r"-'1."'-.-:r <br />____ ;.' ..._~I!"~ -:0...10.' <br />...~;:;~ . _.....,r~.............. .. ~.4I'.f> .~, ,... <br />".... ~l;~~ ~':".::<'.:;..-.~ .. <br />;~'\';I " .i"., ..' !'""" - ~ <br />~ ~..:-~.: . ;~.....~ :....~~,. .....:.ru1;... "0' ~.". '"... <br />"..;;........ .~""'-~.....e, :t.:".,. ....,:,.. ~,.'" ....=..: <br />;......~'!..t~ ,"~.. ....+'i~~L"'~k--r~-... ,~...._';'" ~. _-I <br />!.;... y....J :.~..:.&:- ':'!r ";,.. .. . '1-(,.."" '~" <br />......-..<4.....~d:~;~.$'..:.,."':.....:~ ....;' ......... -'-- :~~ <br />-"'Jo_, \l.('tt ~. }.."ll'*l,. -,..: ..;. - ........, .... <br />rol"'."lv....,..:.~..., ,;)IIo......It"-""':'.. ,'=~i....... ~...(- ,.... <br />...., _ .. ..,--, . . ',.-r-.:;. -...,... <br />i~....~;.if.:.~...:\~'t;;..~:>..l'jL:;' _:.,- ;......-;;:.,'.. .:: <br />~E:~ ~"'1\.'t"""~,_~~l.....,_... ""!o("",,:., "...,.>\.& <br />"I~~ J..oJ.,"~t...:::.....!~....::.~....:"" -. tl.t~ _I.. ~ <br /> <br />.(..#"', <br /> <br /> <br />", <br /> <br />These sol Is In Garfield County col lapsed from wetting. <br />