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<br />65 <br /> <br />Literature Cited <br /> <br />For the purpose of briefly describing the major structural and <br />functional aspects of riparian ecosystems, I have freely extracted <br />information generated by nine symposia and/or workshops that addrE!Ssed <br />riparian ecosystems during the period between 1977 and the present. Two of <br />these were devoted to livestock' grazing (Cope 1979, Menke In Prep.), five <br />dealt more generally with grazing and other impacts and management: <br />considerations (Graul and Bissell 1978, Great Plains Agricultural Council, <br />Forestry Committee 1979, Johnson and Jones 1977, Johnson and McCormick <br />1978, Swanson 1979), one emphasized general ecology and conservatIon (Sands <br />1980), and one was primarily concerned with policy, action prograDls, and <br />research needs (Warner 1979). Other reviews were used that were devoted to <br />riparian ecosystems including subjects related to grazing (Moore E,t al. <br />1979), recreation (Johnson and Carothers 1980), management of wildlife and <br />fishery resources (Thomas et al. 1979, U.S. Department of Agriculture, <br />Forest Service, Intermountain Region 1979), and defin1tions-classHication- <br />inventory (Warner 1979). Up-to-date ststistical and other information was <br />. taken from: Impacts of Emerging Agricultural Trends on Fish and Wildlife <br />Habitat (National Academy Press 1982). These documents provided t.he major <br />basis for the literature review. <br />