FLOOD00235

• County: Statewide
• Community: State of Colorado
• Stream Name: All
• Title: Stream, Riparian, and Wetland Ecology - Class material, Volume 1 of 2
• Date: 9/1/1987
• Prepared For: Students
• Prepared By: Professor Windell
• Floodplain - Doc Type: Educational/Technical/Reference Information

47

I.olated .econdary chanD.iPOol. a~e tho.. that remain along the floodplain
when high water recedes. There is Httla, if any, now batween them and
wh.- flow >'exlsta often tek.. place, under the sub.trate .urface.

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Figure 16. Pool., riffl... end Bllde~ and six pool typ.. baDed on h.bit~t.
From P. A. Bl.lon, at &1. 1981. A system of namIng habitat types In sm~~l
atream8, with .~.mple. of habitat utilization by fial~nldl durin. low
_tr...flow, In ACQui,itlon and Utilization Of_AQYAtlc HabItat Inventory
Information. M. B. Araantrout (ad.). Wa.tarn Division American Fl~h.rl",

Riffles

A riffle is a shallow area where the wnter surfac,e is broken into
waves by bed material wholly or partially submerged. A riffle ma,' be
drowned out at high water. Riffles are frequently caused by the presence
of point, junction, transverse, or ~d-channel bars. Low gradient riffles
are usually most common in second to fifth order streams and are defined as
shallow, moderately fast riffles with at least some surface turbulence ~nd
a gradient of less than four percent (Bisson It al. 1981). -Rapids.have'a
gradient lre.ter than four pereent, normall:r possess very falt'vater'writ!'