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<br />97 <br /> <br />WETLAND MODEL <br /> <br />INPUT <br /> <br />OUTPUT <br /> <br />ATIAO!PHEIIf <br />IU"'ACE ""fElt <br />'''OUND .. TIEft <br /> <br />WETLAND <br /> <br />ATMOS","["I <br />SUlIlN,C:[ WATU <br />GltOUl~O WAT[jIt <br /> <br />ATMOSPHElIlE <br />SUR'ACE ....rEllt <br />GItOUHD .00TEIt <br /> <br /> <br />ATM(lSPH!,.r <br />SURI'ACE: _Hit <br />GJiQ.IHD ....f[1It <br /> <br />,.... 4. ~_llo: ltt,n_"llllOft oofW.Ibln4I;eo,,__._I1\e..... __ rqtr~_l' <br />.""IJ...._"'b~'pptoIml.II'lt."llh~*'"itmlly_'"- nw.....lTd...n' <br />It~...nllln IIlppftI<Kh lhal _w ifIdIl*lIlI1'rit1., ""HI Mbn~ rl~toool_n "...,- the <br />m"or comparl"'l'ntt lruoll.h ...hteh nllluenu 1"0"'-..:11 in wIli<h Iky are "IOf1'd I <br /> <br />By penlllss10n fro.: National Re!Jesfl.;h Council, Nar lona] Acade'lIlY Press. <br />Vuhinllcon D. C. 1982. Iapacta of EmerginR AStlcultural Tund. on Fhh <br />and Wildlife Habitat. <br /> <br />variety of physical, chemical and biological condi tion~1 that are <br />proportional to water flow. Lack of water movement has an important <br />influence upon the conditions to which wetland plants Sind animals are <br />adapted. When the lateral flow is spread over a large area, its influence <br />on the ecosystem is diluted relative to its surface arE!a. The kinetic <br />energy of the water flow, however, still provides a subsidy to wetland <br />systems. In contrast, wetlands that lack the subsidy o,f lateral water flows <br />develop different functional and structural attributes (Brown et al. 1979). <br /> <br />When a number of structural indices (i.e., biomass, stem density, basal <br />area, height, complexity index) of flowing '~lter forested wetlands and still <br />water wetlands are compared, data suggest that flowing water wetlands <br />develop a structural complexity similar to that of stl11 water wetlands. <br />Tree density is an exception, exhibiting lower tree densities in flowing <br />water wetlands. No clear pattern is established for the biomass of the <br />forested and nonforested wetlands. Root biomass values are high and <br />represent a significant portion of the total biomass, p,articularly :L n <br />nutrient poor and still water wetlands. Wetlands appear more structurally <br />complex at lower latitudes. Nonforested wetl.anda show ,a trend toward higher <br />biomass in those areas with highly fluctuating water regimes as compared <br />with wetlands exposed to lower water fluctuations. Some latitudinal trends <br />in the structure of nonforested wetlands are similar to the trends lJbserved <br />in the forested wetlands. <br /> <br />Still water and flowing water wetland ec:osystems show significant <br />functional differences. For example, flowi~% water wetlands {forested 0 r <br />