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<br />after notice and opportunity for public hearings, that the dis- <br />charge of such materials into such area will have an unacceptable <br />adverse effect on municipal water supplies, shellfish beds and <br />fishery areas (including spawning and breeding areas), wildlife, <br />or recreational areas. Before making such determination, the <br />Administrator shall consult with the Secretary. The Administrator <br />shall set forth in writing and make public his findings and his <br />reasons for making any determination under this subsection. <br /> <br />(d) The term "Secretary" as used in this section means <br />the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers. <br /> <br />(e) (1) In carrying out his functions relating to the <br />discharge of dredged or fill material under this section, the <br />Secretary may, after notice and opportunity for public hearing, <br />issue general permits on a State, regional, or nationwide basis <br />for any category of activities involving discharges of dredged <br />or fill material if the Secretary determines that the activities <br />in such category are similar in nature, will cause only minimal <br />adverse environmental effects when performed separately, and will <br />have only minimal cumulative adverse effect on the environment. <br />Any general permit iSSued uhde~ this subsection shall (A) be based <br />on the guidelines described in subsection (b) (1) of this section, <br />and (B) set forth the requirements and standards which shall apply <br />to any activity aU1:!lorized by such general permit. <br /> <br />(2) No general permit issued under this subsection shall <br />be for a period of more than five years after the date of its <br />issuance and such general permit may be revoked or modified by <br />the Secretary if, after opportunity for public hearing, the Secre- <br />tary determines that the activities authorized by such general <br />permit have an adverse impact on the environment or such activi- <br />ties are more appropriately authorized by individual permits. <br /> <br />(f) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this sub- <br />section, the discharge of dredged or fill material <br /> <br />(A) from normal farming, silviculture, and ranching <br />activities such as plowing, seeding, cultivating, minor <br />drainage, harvesting for the production of food, fiber, <br />and forest products, or upland soil and water conservation <br />practices; <br /> <br />(B) for the purpose of maintenance, including emer- <br />gency reconstruction of recently damaged parts, or currently <br />servicable structures such as dikes, dams, levees, groins, <br />riprap, breakwaters, causeways, and bridge abutments or <br />approaches, and transportation structures; <br /> <br />(C) for the purpose of construction or maintenance <br />of farm or stock ponds or irrigation ditches, or the <br />maintenance of drainage ditches; <br /> <br />2 <br />